Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yï̄gla-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yï̄g +‎ *-la. It could be an imitative word. As in the Turkish verb havlamak, hav is the sound made by dogs and it becomes a verb with the same suffix.

Verb

*yï̄gla-

1. (Common Turkic, intransitive) to weep, cry

   Synonyms: *ïyŋala-, *ūlï-

Conjugation

Conjugation of *yï̄gla- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*yï̄glamak
participle	present		*yï̄glagan, yï̄glagma, yï̄glar
	past		*yï̄gladuk, yï̄glamïš
	future		*yï̄gladačï, yï̄glamakčï, yï̄glasïk, yï̄glayačak
verbal noun			*yï̄glama, yï̄glag, yï̄glagu
way of doing			*yï̄glaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yï̄glar ben	*yï̄glar sen	*yï̄glar	*yï̄glar biz	*yï̄glar siz	*yï̄glar
	past	simple	*yï̄gladïm	*yï̄gladïŋ	*yï̄gladï	*yï̄gladïk, yï̄gladïmïz	*yï̄gladïŋïz	*yï̄gladï
		inferential	*yï̄glamïš ben	*yï̄glamïš sen	*yï̄glamïš	*yï̄glamïš biz	*yï̄glamïš siz	*yï̄glamïš
	future	simple	*yï̄gladačï ben, yï̄glamakčï ben, yï̄glayačak ben	*yï̄gladačï sen, yï̄glamakčï sen, yï̄glayačak sen	*yï̄gladačï, yï̄glamakčï, yï̄glayačak	*yï̄gladačï biz, yï̄glamakčï biz, yï̄glayačak biz	*yï̄gladačï siz, yï̄glamakčï siz, yï̄glayačak siz	*yï̄gladačï, yï̄glamakčï, yï̄glayačak
		predictive	*yï̄glagay ben	*yï̄glagay sen	*yï̄glagay	*yï̄glagay biz	*yï̄glagay siz	*yï̄glagay
		necessitive	*yï̄glasïkïm	*yï̄glasïkïŋ	*yï̄glasïk	*yï̄glasïkïmïz	*yï̄glasïkïŋïz	*yï̄glasïk
conditional			*yï̄glasam, yï̄glasar ben	*yï̄glasaŋ, yï̄glasar sen	*yï̄glasa, yï̄glasar	*yï̄glasak, yï̄glasamïz, yï̄glasar biz	*yï̄glasaŋïz, yï̄glasar siz	*yï̄glasalar, yï̄glasar
optative			*yï̄glagay ben	*yï̄glagay sen	*yï̄glagay	*yï̄glagay biz	*yï̄glagay siz	*yï̄glagay
progressive			*yï̄glamakda ben	*yï̄glamakda sen	*yï̄glamakda	*yï̄glamakda biz	*yï̄glamakda siz	*yï̄glamakda
necessitative			*yï̄glamalïg ben	*yï̄glamalïg sen	*yï̄glamalïg	*yï̄glamalïg biz	*yï̄glamalïg siz	*yï̄glamalïg
imperative			*yï̄glayayïn	*yï̄gla, yï̄glagïl	*yï̄glazun	*yï̄glayalïm	*yï̄glayïŋ	*yï̄glazun
Negative
infinitive			*yï̄glamamak
participle	present		*yï̄glamagan, yï̄glamagma, yï̄glamaz
	past		*yï̄glamaduk, yï̄glamamïš
	future		*yï̄glamačï, yï̄glamasïk, yï̄glamayačak
verbal noun			*yï̄glamama, yï̄glamag, yï̄glamagu
way of doing			*yï̄glamaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yï̄glamaz ben	*yï̄glamaz sen	*yï̄glamaz	*yï̄glamaz biz	*yï̄glamaz siz	*yï̄glamaz
	past	simple	*yï̄glamadïm	*yï̄glamadïŋ	*yï̄glamadï	*yï̄glamadïk, yï̄glamadïmïz	*yï̄glamadïŋïz	*yï̄glamadï
		inferential	*yï̄glamamïš ben	*yï̄glamamïš sen	*yï̄glamamïš	*yï̄glamamïš biz	*yï̄glamamïš siz	*yï̄glamamïš
	future	simple	*yï̄glamačï ben, yï̄glamayačak ben	*yï̄glamačï sen, yï̄glamayačak sen	*yï̄glamačï, yï̄glamayačak	*yï̄glamačï biz, yï̄glamayačak biz	*yï̄glamačï siz, yï̄glamayačak siz	*yï̄glamačï, yï̄glamayačak
		predictive	*yï̄glamagay ben	*yï̄glamagay sen	*yï̄glamagay	*yï̄glamagay biz	*yï̄glamagay siz	*yï̄glamagay
		necessitive	*yï̄glamasïkïm	*yï̄glamasïkïŋ	*yï̄glamasïk	*yï̄glamasïkïmïz	*yï̄glamasïkïŋïz	*yï̄glamasïk
conditional			*yï̄glamasam, yï̄glamasar ben	*yï̄glamasaŋ, yï̄glamasar sen	*yï̄glamasa, yï̄glamasar	*yï̄glamasak, yï̄glamasamïz, yï̄glamasar biz	*yï̄glamasaŋïz, yï̄glamasar siz	*yï̄glamasalar, yï̄glamasar
optative			*yï̄glamagay ben	*yï̄glamagay sen	*yï̄glamagay	*yï̄glamagay biz	*yï̄glamagay siz	*yï̄glamagay
progressive			*yï̄glamamakda ben	*yï̄glamamakda sen	*yï̄glamamakda	*yï̄glamamakda biz	*yï̄glamamakda siz	*yï̄glamamakda
necessitative			*yï̄glamamalïg ben	*yï̄glamamalïg sen	*yï̄glamamalïg	*yï̄glamamalïg biz	*yï̄glamamalïg siz	*yï̄glamamalïg
imperative			*yï̄glamayayïn	*yï̄glama, yï̄glamagïl	*yï̄glamazun	*yï̄glamayalïm	*yï̄glamayïŋ	*yï̄glamazun

Descendants

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: hığlamaq
• Oghuz: *yāğla-
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: ağlamaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: آغلامق
      • Turkish: ağlamak
      • Gagauz: aalamaa
      • → Crimean Tatar: ağlamaq
  • Salar: yağla
  • Turkmen: āglamak
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yığla-), [script needed] (ığla-)
    • Uzbek: yigʻlamoq
    • Uyghur: يىغلىماق (yighlimaq)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: илау (ilaw)
    • Tatar: еларга (yelarga)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: cılamaq
    • Kumyk: йыламакъ (yılamaq)
    • Karachay-Balkar: жиляргъа (jilyarğa)
    • Karaim: jylamak, ilamah
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: jılav
      • Kazakh: жылау (jylau)
      • Nogai:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: ыйлоо (ıyloo)
      • Southern Altai: ыйлаар (ïylaar)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ığla-)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: ыйылаа (ıyılaa, “to cry out”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: ылғарға (ïlğarğa)
      • Khakas: [script needed] (ıı, “cry(?)”)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (yığla-)