Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kōl(ī)

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kōlaz, *kōluz +‎ *-ī (adjective suffix).

Adjective

*kōl(ī)

1. cool

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*kōl
Genitive	*kōlas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*kōl	*kōlu	*kōl
Accusative	*kōlanā	*kōlā	*kōl
Genitive	*kōlas	*kōleʀā	*kōlas
Dative	*kōlumē	*kōleʀē	*kōlumē
Instrumental	*kōlu	*kōleʀu	*kōlu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*kōlē	*kōlō	*kōlu
Accusative	*kōlā	*kōlā	*kōlu
Genitive	*kōleʀō	*kōleʀō	*kōleʀō
Dative	*kōlēm, *kōlum	*kōlēm, *kōlum	*kōlēm, *kōlum
Instrumental	*kōlēm, *kōlum	*kōlēm, *kōlum	*kōlēm, *kōlum

ja-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*kōlī
Genitive	*kōlijas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*kōlī	*kōliju	*kōlī
Accusative	*kōlijanā	*kōlijā	*kōlī
Genitive	*kōlijas	*kōlijeʀā	*kōlijas
Dative	*kōlijumē	*kōlijeʀē	*kōlijumē
Instrumental	*kōliju	*kōlijeʀu	*kōliju
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*kōlijē	*kōlijō	*kōliju
Accusative	*kōlijā	*kōlijā	*kōliju
Genitive	*kōlijeʀō	*kōlijeʀō	*kōlijeʀō
Dative	*kōlijēm, *kōlijum	*kōlijēm, *kōlijum	*kōlijēm, *kōlijum
Instrumental	*kōlijēm, *kōlijum	*kōlijēm, *kōlijum	*kōlijēm, *kōlijum

Derived terms

• *kōlēn
• *kōlī
• *kōlijan
• *kōliþu
• *kōlōn

Related terms

• *kalan
• *kald

Descendants

• Old English: cōl, *cœ̄l, *cēl
  • Middle English: col, coul, cool
    • English: cool (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ English: coolth
    • Scots: cule, cuill, kuil, ceul, kül, queel
      • ⇒ Scots: queelie, kjöl (“coolness”)
  • ⇒ Old English: cōlnes, cœ̄lnes, cēlnes
    • Middle English: colnesse
      • English: coolness
• Old Frisian: *kōl
  • Saterland Frisian: köil
  • West Frisian: koel (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
• Old Saxon: *kōli, *kōl
  • Middle Low German: kôle, kôl, kȫl
    • German Low German: köhl
    • Low German: kool, kööl, köhl
• Old Dutch: *kuol
  • Middle Dutch: coel
    • Dutch: koel
    • Limburgish: keul, kool
• Old High German: kuoli, chuali, chuoli, kuali
  • Middle High German: küele, küel, kůl, kule
    • Alemannic German: chüel
      • Alsatian: kiahl
      • Swabian: kiahl
    • Bavarian:
      • Hianzisch: kiahl
    • Central Franconian: köhl, kehl, kiehl
      • Hunsrik: kiel
      • Luxembourgish: kill
    • German: kühl
    • Rhine Franconian:
      • Hessian: kihl, koil
      • Palatine German: kihl
      • Pennsylvania German: kiehl
    • Vilamovian: kīł