User:Aearthrise/Hieroglyphics/Egyptian Course/GreekVersion
Egyptian Language ☥ (Ptolemaic Kingdom -> Roman Empire) Greek Compatability Version
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Chapter 1
Welcome to the Egyptian Language Course! I, Andrew Earthrise, have created this course to teach you how to read Hieroglyphs and to understand the Egyptian language.
The most recent form of the Egyptian language is Coptic, which uses the Greek alphabet in Byzantine font with extra letters for Egyptian sounds; older Egyptian forms used Demotic and Hieratic writing, cursive forms of Hieroglyphs.
To learn more about the Coptic alphabet, click here!
I.[edit]
Phonetics:
Classical Egyptian, the older language, had many glyphs for ideas and for specific consonant sounds. As time went on, consonants written in the older language disappeared from the spoken language. By the time of the Ptolemaic Kingdom- the inheritors of Alexander the Great's Egyptian kingdom, the usage of the older language was for religion and dedicated monuments.
The hieroglyphic writing system is very economical. Hieroglyphs did not write vowels for native Egyptian words, but Greek words used former consonants as vowels to spell phonetically. Ptolemaic hieroglyphs usage corresponds accordingly:
Vowels:
- Tip: hover your mouse over hieroglyphs, you'll find vowels and consonants!
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Many times, words beginning with this character make an a/e sound in Coptic Egyptian.
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Consonants:
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Determinatives:
Determinatives help distinguish words and make them more vivid. They refer to the action, person, object, or idea of the word.
Memorization:
The best way to memorize hieroglyphics and words is to draw the characters. When you copy the word, add details and color at your own pace! Your brain will remember the words when you are having creative fun!
1.
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Father, Ιωτ
Kleomenes pe ṗ'yot.
Cleomenes is the father.
2.
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Mother, Μαυ
Berenike te ṫ'mauw.
Berenice is the mother.
3.
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Son, Ϣηρι
Ḳarmion pe p'šeri
Charmion is the son.
4.
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Servant, Βωκ
Horkhebi pe ṗ'bok
Harkhebi is the servant.
5.
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Cook, Μακιρος
Ḳa n're pe pi makiros.
6.
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Dog, Ουϩορ
Anuwb pe pi uwhor.
Anubis is the dog.
II.[edit]
Determinatives:
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7.
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Book, Ϫωμ
Kleomenes pe khen pi ma n'djom.
Cleomenes is in the library (place of books).
8.
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Atrium, Σβε
Berenike te khen p'sbe.
Berenice is in the atrium.
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Sleeping, Ενκοτ
Ḳarmion pe khen pi ma n'enkot.
Charmion is in the bed (place of sleeping).
10.
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Garden, Ϭωμ
Horkhebi pe khen pi qom.
Harkhebi is in the garden.
11.
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Cooking, Φισι
Ḳa n're pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.
Kanre is in the kitchen (place of cooking).
12.
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Road, Μωιτ
Anuwb pe khen pi mowit.
Anubis is in the road.
III.[edit]
Determinatives:
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13.
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Writing, Σϧαι
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Κλεομένης, ̀φιωτ, πε ϧεν πιμὰνϫωμ.
Kleomenes, ṗ'yot, pe khen pi ma n'djom.
Kleomenes, the father, is in the library.
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ṗ'Yot f'skhai khen pi ma n'djom.
The father writes in the library.
14.
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Sitting, Ϩεμσι
Βερενίκη, ̀θμαυ, τε ϧεν ̀πσβε.
Berenike, ṫ'mauw, te khen p'sbe.
Berenice, the mother, is in the Atrium.
ṫ'Mauw s'hemsi khen p'sbe.
The mother sits in the Atrium.
15.
Χαρμιον , ̀πϣηρι, πε ϧεν πιμὰνενκοτ.
Ḳarmion, p'šeri, pe khen pi ma n'enkot
Charmion, the son, is in the bed.
̀πϢⲏⲣⲓ ̀ϥενκοτ ϧεν πιμὰνενκοτ.
'p'Šeri, f'enkot khen pi ma n'enkot
Charmion sleeps in the bed.
16.
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Working, ̀Μκαϩ
Horkhebi, ṗ'bok, khen pi qom pe.
Harkhebi, the servant, is in the garden.
ṗ'Bok f'mkah khen pi qom.
The servant works in the garden.
17.
Χὰνρη, πιμακιρος, ϧεν πιμὰνφισι πε.
Ḳa n're, pi makiros, khen pi ma n'ṗisi pe.
Kanre, the cook, is in the kitchen.
πιⲘⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ ̀ϥⲫⲓⲥⲓ ϧεν πιμὰνφισι.
pi Makiros f'ṗisi khen pi ma n'ṗisi.
The cook cooks in the kitchen.
18.
Ανουβ, πιουϩορ, ϧεν πιμωιτ πε.
Anuwb, pi uwhor, khen pi mowit pe.
Anubis, the dog, is in the road.
Pi uwhor f'enkot khen pi mowit.
The dog sleeps in the road.