User:Malku H₂n̥rés/Proto-Berber/Not bad reconstructions

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Useful

Appendix:Berber Swadesh lists

Language codes correspondences

Van Putten : Wiktionary

• sus. : shi
• cab. : kab
• che., chen. : cnu
• nef. : jbn
• ber., tam. : tzm
• auy., awy. : auj
• fig. : Ø
• gad. : gha
• siw. : siz
• cha. : shy
• rif. : rif
• mez. : mzb
• gua., guar. : Ø
• cen. (what?) : Ø
• zen. : zen
• izn. : Ø
• tu. : tmh
• tu. ah., tu. aha., aha. : thv
• tu. tan., tu. ad. : taq
• tu. ul. : ttq
• tu. ay. : thz
• sen. : sjs
• zua. : ber-zuw
• Timimún : Ø
• Ghomara : gho
• Ghat (as Gat) : tmh-ght
• seg. : Ø
• foc. : ber-fog
• (Mzab-Wargla: Figuig, Mzab, Wargla)

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Moroccan Amazigh:
    • Tashelhit:
  • Northwest Moroccan:
    • Ghomara:
    • Senhaja De Srair:
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig
    • Ayt Seghrouchen
    • Ayt ~Warain
    • Ayt Iznasen
  • Algerian:
    • Tachawit:
    • Northwestern:
      • Chenoua:
      • Beni Snus
      • Beni Menacer
      • Metmata
    • Northern Saharan Berber: (Mzab, Ouargla)
    • Guraga (Timinun)
  • Eastern Zenati:
    • Jerba
    • Tunisian Berber: (Duiret, Tamezret, Sened, Guelala), Guazin (Libya)
    • Zuwara:
    • Jefren
    • Libyan:
      • Sokna:
      • Fogaha:
    • Siwi:
• Tuareg:
  • Tamahaq: (Ahaggar)
  • Tamasheq: (Adagh, Taneslemt)
  • Tamajaq:
    • Tawellemmet:
    • Tayert:
    • Tudalt
  • Ghat: (and Janet?)
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames:
  • Nefusa:
• Awjila:
• Eastern:
  • Tetserret:
  • Zenaga:
• Para-Berber:
  • Guanche:
  • Numidian:

Ash (again!)

Noun

*t-irrəɣ-t f (plural *t-irǵ-en)

1. ash

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: tirgitt, plural tirgin
  • Northwest Moroccan:
    • Senhaja De Srair: tirrixit, plural tirriɣin, tirɣit, plural tirɣin
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: tiṛṛəɣt, plural tiṛɣin
  • Algerian:
    • Northwestern:
      • Chenoua: hiržətt, plural hiržin
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Nefusa: tirrəžt, plural tiržin

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 253

Lover

Noun

*a-m-ăβrə́ʔ or *a-m-ăβrəʔ-ŭ m

1. lover

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉ (imiri)
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
• Tuareg: emărh(i)
  • Tamahaq: e-mări (Ahaggar)
  • Tamasheq: e-mărh (Adagh)
• Eastern:
  • Zenaga: īri(ʔ) (“to love”)

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, pages 280, 302

To pluck

Verb

*əssənšəf

1. to pluck (remove feathers)

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵏⵛⴼ (ncf)
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Siwi: šənšəf
• Tuareg:
  • Tamahaq: ənğəf (Ahaggar)
  • Tamajaq:
    • Tawellemmet: ənzəf
    • Tayert: əngəf
  • Ghat: šənšəf

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 258

Scorpion

Noun

*ta-ɣardăm-t f

1. scorpion

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: ⵉⵖⵉⵔⴷⵎ (iɣirdm)
  • Kabyle: iɣirdem
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
• Tuareg:
  • Tamahaq: teẓerdəmt, eɣərdəm (Ahaggar)
  • Tamajaq:
    • Tawellemmet: tăẓarḍəmt (“large species of scorpions”)
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames: tašarḍămt

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 254

Slave

Noun

*a-săm-V̆ɣ m (plural *i-sŭmǵ-an)

1. slave

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: ⵉⵙⵎⵅ (ismx), ⵉⵙⵎⴳ (ismg), plural ⵉⵙⵎⴳⴰⵏ (ismgan)
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: išməž
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: išməž (Mzab), išməž (Ouargla)
• Timimún (really, idk how to classify this one): asməɣ (free, liberated), ižəmž (black)

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 253

Rat

Noun

*aɣərda or *agərdi m

1. rat

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: ⴰⵖⵔⴷⴰ (aɣrda)
  • Kabyle: aɣerda
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: aɣərda
  • Eastern Zenati:
    • Zuwara: gurdi
    • Siwi: agərdi
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Nefusa: gərdi

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 253

To tremble, to shake

Verb

*ərgig(i)

1. to tremble, to shake

Note

I think there's final -i (< -əβ?). I may be wrong.

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle: rgigi
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: ržiž
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: ržiži (Mzab)
• Awjila: ərgig

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 249

Sickle

Noun

*a-mǵŭr m (plural *i-mŭǵr-an)

1. sickle, reap(ing) hook

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵎⴳⵯⵔ (amgʷr)
    • Tashelhit: ⵉⵎⴳⵔ (imgr)
  • Kabyle: amgr
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
  • Algerian:
    • Tachawit: amžər, plural iməgran

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 250

Lament, wail

Noun

*agəgdur m

1. lament, wail

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⴳⵊⴷⵓⵔ (agjdur)
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle: ageždur
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Ayt Iznasen: ayəždur
  • Algerian:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: agəždur (Ouargla)

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 252

Grasshopper

Noun

*ta-ʔ(V̆)murɣ-e f

1. grasshopper

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵕⵖⵉ (tamuṛɣi)
    • Tashelhit: ⵜⴰⵎⵎⵓⵕⵖⵉ (tammuṛɣi)
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig: tmuṛɣi
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames: tomarše

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 254

Murderer

Alternative reconstructions

• *a-măɣnVʔ possibly (p. 267)
• *a-mănɣə́ʔ or *a-mănɣəʔ-ŭ (p. 280)
• *a-mănɣə́ʔ, plural *i-mănɣaʔ-ăn (p. 294)
• *a-m-ănɣəʔ (p. 302)

Noun

*a-măɣnəʔ m

1. murderer, assassin

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ (imnɣi), ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ (imnɣan)
    • Tashelhit: ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ (imnɣi)
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
• Tuareg: emăɣni, emănɣi
• Eastern:
  • Zenaga: əmiʔniʔ

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, pages 267, 280, 294, 302

Grandchild, cousin

Noun

*aβăya(w) m

1. grandchild, cousin

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡ (ayyaw)
  • Kabyle: ayaw
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Ayt Iznasen: ayyaw
• Tuareg: ahăya

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 270

Summer

Noun

*anăβdu m

1. summer

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit: ⴰⵏⴱⴷⵓ (anbdu)
  • Kabyle: anebdu
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit: anebdu
    • Figuig: anəbdu
• Tuareg: tanăbdott (“hunger”)

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 270

Liver

Noun

*ta-ʔsa f

1. liver

Note

The final -(h) in Zenaga can't be explained by a final -β in PB, bc if would've been preserved in Ghadames (Perhaps this note isn't even relevant).

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit: tsa
  • Eastern Zenati:
    • Siwi: tsa
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames: tósa
  • Nefusa: tusá
• Eastern:
  • Zenaga: taʔšä(h) (/⁠taʔša⁠/)

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN, page 277

Sense

POS

*head

1. [[]]

Descendants

• West Moroccan:
  • South and Mid-Atlas Moroccan:
    • Central Atlas Tamazight:
    • Tashelhit:
  • Kabyle:
• Zenati:
  • Moroccan:
    • Tarifit:
    • Figuig:
    • Ayt Seghrouchen:
    • Ayt Iznasen:
  • Algerian:
    • Northwestern:
      • Chenoua:
    • Northern Saharan Berber: (Mzab, Ouargla)
  • Eastern Zenati:
    • Zuwara:
    • Siwi:
• Tuareg:
  • Tamahaq: (Ahaggar)
  • Tamasheq: (Adagh, Taneslemt)
  • Tamajaq:
    • Tawellemmet:
    • Tayert:
    • Tudalt:
  • Ghat: (and Janet?)
• Ghadames and Nefusa:
  • Ghadames:
  • Nefusa:
• Awjila:
• Eastern:
  • Zenaga:
• Para-Berber:
  • Guanche:
  • Numidian:

References

• van Putten, Marijn (2019) “Introducción al estudio diacrónico del bereber”, in José Juan Batista Rodríguez, editor, Estudios sobre toponimia canaria prehispánica, Academia Canaria De La Lengua, →ISBN