atbaill
Old Irish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From ess- (“out of”) + Class B third-person singular neuter infixed pronoun d- (“it”) + Proto-Celtic *balnīti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“throw”). Thus literally ‘throw it’, originally either a euphemism or slang.
The preterite forms in at·bath- and the verbal noun apthu are from ess- + d- + original preterite passive form of baïd (“to die”), from Proto-Celtic *bā-, *bayo-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“tread”) (via a euphemistic meaning similar to pass away).
Compare Middle Welsh aballu (“die, perish”) (from *ad-balni-), Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “throw”), Old English cwelan (“die”), Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “torment, torture”), Lithuanian gėlà (“pain”)), compare Old Armenian կամ (kam, “to stand”), Latvian gāja (“went”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
at·baill (prototonic ·epil, verbal noun epeltu or apthu)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:atbaill.
Conjugation[edit]
The identification of this verb's present conjugation class is highly controversial due to simultaneously exhibiting alternation between a nasal suffixed present (seen in the -ll- ← -ln- attested only in the present stem) and non-nasal-suffix non-present stems characteristic of B IV and B V verbs in addition to the palatalization pattern of a B I verb. Virtually every author places this verb in a different conjugation class. Thurneysen classifies this as B V,[1] McCone classifies this as B III,[2] Le Mair classifies this as B I,[3] and Anderson creates an entire new conjugation class reserved for this verb, ernaid, sernaid, and marnaid.[4]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 552, page 357
- ^ McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, pages 30–31
- ^ Le Mair, Esther (2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses (Ph.D. thesis), Galway: National University of Ireland, page 281
- ^ Anderson, Cormac (2016) Consonant colour and vocalism in the history of Irish (Ph.D. thesis), Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University, page 277
Further reading[edit]
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “at-bail(l)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₂-
- Old Irish terms prefixed with ess-
- Old Irish terms prefixed with d-
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish complex verbs
- Old Irish class B V present verbs
- Old Irish t preterite verbs
- Old Irish é future verbs
- Old Irish a subjunctive verbs
- Old Irish suppletive verbs
- sga:Death