drošs
Latvian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- (dialectal form) dross
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Baltic *drans-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-, *dʰres-, *dʰros- (“to dare, to be brave, to attack”), related to *der- (“to peel, to pluck, to slice”). An original u-stem *druosus gave rise to parallel forms drošs and (dialectal) dross. From the dialectal form were derived drosme (“courage”), drosmīgs (“courageous”). Cognates include Lithuanian drąsùs, Old Prussian dyrsos (“brave”) (nom. fem. pl. or nom. masc. sg.), dirstlan (“energetic, impressive”), Proto-Slavic *dьrzъ (Old Church Slavonic дръзъ (drŭzŭ), дрьзъ (drĭzŭ), Russian де́рзкий (dérzkij, “impertinent”), Czech drzý, Polish dziarski (“dashing, youthful, quick, fast”)), Sanskrit धृषु (dhṛṣú, “neat”), धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “brave, strong”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “brave, reckless”) (< *dʰr̥s-), Latin infestus (“unsafe, hostile”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
drošs (definite drošais, comparative drošāks, superlative visdrošākais, adverb droši)
- brave, fearless, confident (not afraid, behaving freely, unconstrained)
- Aijai patīk droši, vīrišķīgi cilvēki ― Aija likes brave, masculine people (i.e., men)
- baloži kļuva tik droši, ka savam kopējam sēdēja uz pleciem ― the pigeons became so fearless that they sat on their fellows' shoulders
- brave, free, confident (showing, expressing bravery, freedom from constraints, worries)
- droša izturēšanās ― confident demeanor
- drošs prāts ― brave, confident mind, spirit
- droša uzstāšanās ― confident speech
- droša atbilde ― confident answer
- runāt drošā balsī ― to speak in a confident, (care)free voice
- bet visvairāk viņu pārsteidza Edītes mierīgā izturēšanās, viņas drošais, atklātais skatiens ― but above all he was surprised by Edīte's calm demeanor, her confident, open look
- confident, sure, certain
- sportists bija drošs par savu uzvaru ― the athlete was sure of his victory
- ja Edgars ir solījis, Aina var būt droša, viņš steidzas mājup ― if Edgars promised, (then) Aina can be sure (that) he is hurrying home
- safe (not at risk, not exposed to danger, which protects, offers protection)
- drošs patvērums ― safe haven
- droša patvertne ― safe shelter
- safe (not at risk, assured, guaranteed)
- drošs stāvoklis ― safe state, condition
- mani uzņēmumi visi ir labi nostādīti; peļņa pilnīgi droša! ― my businesses are all well structured; profits are fully safe (= guaranteed)
- safe, reliable (which can be trusted)
- drošās rokās ― in safe hands
- viņam visdrošākais sargs un vislabākā pajumte ir mātes tuvums ― to him, the safest guard and the best shelter is (his) mother's proximity
- safe, reliable (which raises no doubts, unquestionable)
- drošās ziņas ― reliable information, news
- droši dati ― reliable data
- (of thoughts, beliefs) safe, strong, confident
- droša pārliecība par uzvaru ― confident belief in victory
- bet visas cerības, drošas un nedrošas, sašķīda vienā pašā acumirklī kā ziepju burbuļi ― but all hope, confident or not, came together in the same moment like soap bubbles
Declension[edit]
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | drošs | droši | droša | drošas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | drošu | drošus | drošu | drošas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | droša | drošu | drošas | drošu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | drošam | drošiem | drošai | drošām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | drošu | drošiem | drošu | drošām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | drošā | drošos | drošā | drošās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms[edit]
- (of "courageous"): drosmīgs
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “drošs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN