envergar

Catalan

Etymology

From en- +‎ verga +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [əm.bərˈɡa]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [əɱ.vərˈɡa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [eɱ.veɾˈɣaɾ]

Verb

envergar (first-person singular present envergo, first-person singular preterite enverguí, past participle envergat); root stress: (Central) /ɛ/; (Valencian) /e/; (Balearic) /ə/

1. (transitive, nautical) to bend (a sail) (to tie to a yard or the like)
2. (transitive) to shore up (a vine) with a rod
3. (transitive) to hit violently

Conjugation

    Conjugation of envergar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			envergar
gerund			envergant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		envergat		envergada
		plural		envergats		envergades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	envergo	envergues	enverga	enverguem	envergueu	enverguen
	imperfect	envergava	envergaves	envergava	envergàvem	envergàveu	envergaven
	future	envergaré	envergaràs	envergarà	envergarem	envergareu	envergaran
	preterite	enverguí	envergares	envergà	envergàrem	envergàreu	envergaren
	conditional	envergaria	envergaries	envergaria	envergaríem	envergaríeu	envergarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	envergui	enverguis	envergui	enverguem	envergueu	enverguin
	imperfect	envergués	enverguessis	envergués	enverguéssim	enverguéssiu	enverguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	enverga	envergui	enverguem	envergueu	enverguin
	negative (no)	—	no enverguis	no envergui	no enverguem	no envergueu	no enverguin

Derived terms

• enverga
• envergadura

Further reading

• “envergar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Portuguese

Etymology

From en- +‎ vergar, from en- +‎ verga (“rod, twig”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.veʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.veɦˈɡa(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.veʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.veɦˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.veʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.veɦˈɡa(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.veʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.veɦˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.veɾˈɡa(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.veɾˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.veʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ẽ.veʁˈɡa(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.veʁˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ĩ.veʁˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.veɻˈɡa(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.veɻˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨɾˈɡaɾ/ [ẽ.vɨɾˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨɾˈɡaɾ/ [ẽ.vɨɾˈɣaɾ]
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.bɨɾˈɡaɾ/ [ẽ.bɨɾˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ẽ.vɨɾˈɡa.ɾi/ [ẽ.vɨɾˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: en‧ver‧gar

Verb

envergar (first-person singular present envergo, first-person singular preterite enverguei, past participle envergado)

1. (transitive) to curve (bend, crook)

   Synonym: curvar

2. (transitive) to don; to wear (a piece of clothing)

   Synonyms: trajar, vestir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of envergar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	envergar
Personal	envergar	envergares	envergar	envergarmos	envergardes	envergarem
Gerund
	envergando
Past participle
Masculine	envergado			envergados
Feminine	envergada			envergadas
Indicative
Present	envergo	envergas	enverga	envergamos	envergais	envergam
Imperfect	envergava	envergavas	envergava	envergávamos	envergáveis	envergavam
Preterite	enverguei	envergaste	envergou	envergamos1, envergámos2	envergastes	envergaram
Pluperfect	envergara	envergaras	envergara	envergáramos	envergáreis	envergaram
Future	envergarei	envergarás	envergará	envergaremos	envergareis	envergarão
Conditional	envergaria	envergarias	envergaria	envergaríamos	envergaríeis	envergariam
Subjunctive
Present	envergue	envergues	envergue	enverguemos	envergueis	enverguem
Imperfect	envergasse	envergasses	envergasse	envergássemos	envergásseis	envergassem
Future	envergar	envergares	envergar	envergarmos	envergardes	envergarem
Imperative
Affirmative		enverga	envergue	enverguemos	envergai	enverguem
Negative (não)		não envergues	não envergue	não enverguemos	não envergueis	não enverguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• envergadura

Spanish

Etymology

From en- +‎ verga (“yard”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /embeɾˈɡaɾ/ [ẽm.beɾˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: en‧ver‧gar

Verb

envergar (first-person singular present envergo, first-person singular preterite envergué, past participle envergado)

1. (nautical) to attach a sail to the yardarm

Conjugation

    Conjugation of envergar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			envergar
gerund			envergando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		envergado		envergada
		plural		envergados		envergadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	envergo	envergastú envergásvos	enverga	envergamos	envergáis	envergan
	imperfect	envergaba	envergabas	envergaba	envergábamos	envergabais	envergaban
	preterite	envergué	envergaste	envergó	envergamos	envergasteis	envergaron
	future	envergaré	envergarás	envergará	envergaremos	envergaréis	envergarán
	conditional	envergaría	envergarías	envergaría	envergaríamos	envergaríais	envergarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	envergue	enverguestú enverguésvos2	envergue	enverguemos	enverguéis	enverguen
	imperfect (ra)	envergara	envergaras	envergara	envergáramos	envergarais	envergaran
	imperfect (se)	envergase	envergases	envergase	envergásemos	envergaseis	envergasen
	future1	envergare	envergares	envergare	envergáremos	envergareis	envergaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		envergatú envergávos	envergue	enverguemos	envergad	enverguen
	negative		no envergues	no envergue	no enverguemos	no enverguéis	no enverguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of envergar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive envergar
	dative	envergarme	envergarte	envergarle, envergarse	envergarnos	envergaros	envergarles, envergarse
	accusative	envergarme	envergarte	envergarlo, envergarla, envergarse	envergarnos	envergaros	envergarlos, envergarlas, envergarse
with gerund envergando
	dative	envergándome	envergándote	envergándole, envergándose	envergándonos	envergándoos	envergándoles, envergándose
	accusative	envergándome	envergándote	envergándolo, envergándola, envergándose	envergándonos	envergándoos	envergándolos, envergándolas, envergándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative enverga
	dative	envérgame	envérgate	envérgale	envérganos	not used	envérgales
	accusative	envérgame	envérgate	envérgalo, envérgala	envérganos	not used	envérgalos, envérgalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative envergá
	dative	envergame	envergate	envergale	enverganos	not used	envergales
	accusative	envergame	envergate	envergalo, envergala	enverganos	not used	envergalos, envergalas
with formal second-person singular imperative envergue
	dative	envérgueme	not used	envérguele, envérguese	envérguenos	not used	envérgueles
	accusative	envérgueme	not used	envérguelo, envérguela, envérguese	envérguenos	not used	envérguelos, envérguelas
with first-person plural imperative enverguemos
	dative	not used	enverguémoste	enverguémosle	enverguémonos	enverguémoos	enverguémosles
	accusative	not used	enverguémoste	enverguémoslo, enverguémosla	enverguémonos	enverguémoos	enverguémoslos, enverguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative envergad
	dative	envergadme	not used	envergadle	envergadnos	envergaos	envergadles
	accusative	envergadme	not used	envergadlo, envergadla	envergadnos	envergaos	envergadlos, envergadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative enverguen
	dative	envérguenme	not used	envérguenle	envérguennos	not used	envérguenles, envérguense
	accusative	envérguenme	not used	envérguenlo, envérguenla	envérguennos	not used	envérguenlos, envérguenlas, envérguense

Derived terms

• envergadura

 

Further reading

• “envergar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014