esgrimir

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Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Frankish, compare Spanish esgrimir.

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

esgrimir (first-person singular present esgrimeixo, first-person singular preterite esgrimí, past participle esgrimit)

  1. (transitive) to brandish (a weapon)
  2. (figurative, transitive) to propose; to put forward (arguments)
    • 2021 April 14, Cristian Segura, “Ada Colau i Twitter: el risc d’unes xarxes socials massa personals”, in El País‎[1]:
      Entre les raons que va esgrimir, la principal és l'agressivitat tan característica en la manera d'interactuar de molts usuaris d'aquesta xarxa social: “En els últims anys és sabut per tots que la xarxa s'ha omplert de perfils falsos i anònims que intoxiquen i inciten a l'odi”.
      Among the reasons he used, the main one is the aggressiveness so characteristic in the way many users of this social network interact: "In recent years it is known by all that the network has been filled with fake and anonymous profiles that intoxicate and incite hatred".

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of esgrimir (third conjugation, with -eix-)
infinitive esgrimir
gerund esgrimint
past participle masculine feminine
singular esgrimit esgrimida
plural esgrimits esgrimides
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present esgrimeixo esgrimeixes esgrimeix esgrimim esgrimiu esgrimeixen
imperfect esgrimia esgrimies esgrimia esgrimíem esgrimíeu esgrimien
future esgrimiré esgrimiràs esgrimirà esgrimirem esgrimireu esgrimiran
preterite esgrimí esgrimires esgrimí esgrimírem esgrimíreu esgrimiren
conditional esgrimiria esgrimiries esgrimiria esgrimiríem esgrimiríeu esgrimirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè 		nosaltres
nós 		vosaltres
vós 		ells/elles
vostès
present esgrimeixi esgrimeixis esgrimeixi esgrimim esgrimiu esgrimeixin
imperfect esgrimís esgrimissis esgrimís esgrimíssim esgrimíssiu esgrimissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós 		vostès
affirmative — esgrimeix esgrimeixi esgrimim esgrimiu esgrimeixin
negative (no) — no esgrimeixis no esgrimeixi no esgrimim no esgrimiu no esgrimeixin

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From esgrima +‎ -ir.

Pronunciation[edit]

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /iz.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [iz.ɡɾiˈmi(h)], /ez.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [ez.ɡɾiˈmi(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /iz.ɡɾiˈmi(ɾ)/, /ez.ɡɾiˈmi(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /iʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [iʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(χ)], /eʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(ʁ)/ [eʒ.ɡɾiˈmi(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ez.ɡɾiˈmi(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʒ.ɡɾiˈmiɾ/ [(i)ʒ.ɣɾiˈmiɾ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /(i)ʒ.ɡɾiˈmi.ɾi/ [(i)ʒ.ɣɾiˈmi.ɾi]

Verb[edit]

esgrimir (first-person singular present esgrimo, first-person singular preterite esgrimi, past participle esgrimido)

  1. to fight with a bladed weapon
  2. (transitive) to brandish (a weapon) threateningly
  3. (sports, intransitive) to fence (to engage in the sport of fencing)
  4. (figurative, transitive) to propose; to put forward (arguments)
    • 2016 December 3, João Pedro Pereira, “Negociações com Tesla envolvem centros de inovação tecnológica”, in Público‎[2]:
      Houve também movimentos criados através das redes sociais para tentar promover a vinda da empresa para Portugal e alguns municípios já esgrimiram argumentos para acolher um eventual investimento americano.
      There were also movements created through social networks to try to promote the company's coming to Portugal and some municipalities have already made arguments to welcome a possible American investment.
  5. (figurative, intransitive) to discuss

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of esgrimir (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal esgrimir
Personal esgrimir esgrimires esgrimir esgrimirmos esgrimirdes esgrimirem
Gerund
esgrimindo
Past participle
Masculine esgrimido esgrimidos
Feminine esgrimida esgrimidas
Indicative
Present esgrimo esgrimes esgrime esgrimimos esgrimis esgrimem
Imperfect esgrimia esgrimias esgrimia esgrimíamos esgrimíeis esgrimiam
Preterite esgrimi esgrimiste esgrimiu esgrimimos esgrimistes esgrimiram
Pluperfect esgrimira esgrimiras esgrimira esgrimíramos esgrimíreis esgrimiram
Future esgrimirei esgrimirás esgrimirá esgrimiremos esgrimireis esgrimirão
Conditional esgrimiria esgrimirias esgrimiria esgrimiríamos esgrimiríeis esgrimiriam
Subjunctive
Present esgrima esgrimas esgrima esgrimamos esgrimais esgrimam
Imperfect esgrimisse esgrimisses esgrimisse esgrimíssemos esgrimísseis esgrimissem
Future esgrimir esgrimires esgrimir esgrimirmos esgrimirdes esgrimirem
Imperative
Affirmative esgrime esgrima esgrimamos esgrimi esgrimam
Negative (não) não esgrimas não esgrima não esgrimamos não esgrimais não esgrimam

Further reading[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Occitan escremir, from Frankish *skermjan, from Proto-Germanic *skirmjan. Compare English skirmish.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /esɡɾiˈmiɾ/ [ez.ɣ̞ɾiˈmiɾ]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Syllabification: es‧gri‧mir

Verb[edit]

esgrimir (first-person singular present esgrimo, first-person singular preterite esgrimí, past participle esgrimido)

  1. to brandish (a weapon)
    Synonym: blandir
  2. (sports) to fence
  3. (figurative) to use; to put forward (an argument)
    • 2022 April 20, Álvaro Sánchez, “Netflix se desmorona en Bolsa casi un 40% ahogada por la competencia y las contraseñas compartidas”, in El País‎[3]:
      Precisamente la proliferación de plataformas es el otro gran motivo que esgrime Netflix para justificar su crisis.
      Precisely the proliferation of platforms is the other great reason that Netflix wields to justify its crisis.

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of esgrimir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive esgrimir
gerund esgrimiendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular esgrimido esgrimida
plural esgrimidos esgrimidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present esgrimo esgrimestú
esgrimísvos 		esgrime esgrimimos esgrimís esgrimen
imperfect esgrimía esgrimías esgrimía esgrimíamos esgrimíais esgrimían
preterite esgrimí esgrimiste esgrimió esgrimimos esgrimisteis esgrimieron
future esgrimiré esgrimirás esgrimirá esgrimiremos esgrimiréis esgrimirán
conditional esgrimiría esgrimirías esgrimiría esgrimiríamos esgrimiríais esgrimirían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present esgrima esgrimastú
esgrimásvos2 		esgrima esgrimamos esgrimáis esgriman
imperfect
(ra) 		esgrimiera esgrimieras esgrimiera esgrimiéramos esgrimierais esgrimieran
imperfect
(se) 		esgrimiese esgrimieses esgrimiese esgrimiésemos esgrimieseis esgrimiesen
future1 esgrimiere esgrimieres esgrimiere esgrimiéremos esgrimiereis esgrimieren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative esgrimetú
esgrimívos 		esgrima esgrimamos esgrimid esgriman
negative no esgrimas no esgrima no esgrimamos no esgrimáis no esgriman

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of esgrimir

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive esgrimir
dative esgrimirme esgrimirte esgrimirle, esgrimirse esgrimirnos esgrimiros esgrimirles, esgrimirse
accusative esgrimirme esgrimirte esgrimirlo, esgrimirla, esgrimirse esgrimirnos esgrimiros esgrimirlos, esgrimirlas, esgrimirse
with gerund esgrimiendo
dative esgrimiéndome esgrimiéndote esgrimiéndole, esgrimiéndose esgrimiéndonos esgrimiéndoos esgrimiéndoles, esgrimiéndose
accusative esgrimiéndome esgrimiéndote esgrimiéndolo, esgrimiéndola, esgrimiéndose esgrimiéndonos esgrimiéndoos esgrimiéndolos, esgrimiéndolas, esgrimiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative esgrime
dative esgrímeme esgrímete esgrímele esgrímenos not used esgrímeles
accusative esgrímeme esgrímete esgrímelo, esgrímela esgrímenos not used esgrímelos, esgrímelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative esgrimí
dative esgrimime esgrimite esgrimile esgriminos not used esgrimiles
accusative esgrimime esgrimite esgrimilo, esgrimila esgriminos not used esgrimilos, esgrimilas
with formal second-person singular imperative esgrima
dative esgrímame not used esgrímale, esgrímase esgrímanos not used esgrímales
accusative esgrímame not used esgrímalo, esgrímala, esgrímase esgrímanos not used esgrímalos, esgrímalas
with first-person plural imperative esgrimamos
dative not used esgrimámoste esgrimámosle esgrimámonos esgrimámoos esgrimámosles
accusative not used esgrimámoste esgrimámoslo, esgrimámosla esgrimámonos esgrimámoos esgrimámoslos, esgrimámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative esgrimid
dative esgrimidme not used esgrimidle esgrimidnos esgrimíos esgrimidles
accusative esgrimidme not used esgrimidlo, esgrimidla esgrimidnos esgrimíos esgrimidlos, esgrimidlas
with formal second-person plural imperative esgriman
dative esgrímanme not used esgrímanle esgrímannos not used esgrímanles, esgrímanse
accusative esgrímanme not used esgrímanlo, esgrímanla esgrímannos not used esgrímanlos, esgrímanlas, esgrímanse

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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