esmolar

Catalan

Etymology

From es- +‎ mola (“grindstone, millstone”) +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [əz.muˈla]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [əz.moˈla]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ez.moˈlaɾ]

Verb

esmolar (first-person singular present esmolo, first-person singular preterite esmolí, past participle esmolat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /ɔ/

1. (transitive, also figurative) to sharpen, to hone

   Synonym: afilar

   • 1934, Joan Puig i Ferreter, Camins de França:

     La realitat t'ha portat entremig de moltes menes d'homes, t'ha fet conèixer diversos oficis, t'ha ensenyat de rumiar, d'esmolar l'enginy, ha multiplicat la teva astúcia i la teva força, i amb tot això no t'has alliberat de fer coneixença amb el fred i la fam.

     Reality has brought you among many types of men, it has acquainted you with different trades, it has taught you to ponder, to hone your wits, it has increased your cunning and your strength, and with all that you haven't set yourself free from getting to know cold and hunger.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esmolar (first conjugation)

infinitive			esmolar
gerund			esmolant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		esmolat		esmolada
		plural		esmolats		esmolades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	esmolo	esmoles	esmola	esmolem	esmoleu	esmolen
	imperfect	esmolava	esmolaves	esmolava	esmolàvem	esmolàveu	esmolaven
	future	esmolaré	esmolaràs	esmolarà	esmolarem	esmolareu	esmolaran
	preterite	esmolí	esmolares	esmolà	esmolàrem	esmolàreu	esmolaren
	conditional	esmolaria	esmolaries	esmolaria	esmolaríem	esmolaríeu	esmolarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	esmoli	esmolis	esmoli	esmolem	esmoleu	esmolin
	imperfect	esmolés	esmolessis	esmolés	esmoléssim	esmoléssiu	esmolessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	esmola	esmoli	esmolem	esmoleu	esmolin
	negative (no)	—	no esmolis	no esmoli	no esmolem	no esmoleu	no esmolin

Derived terms

• esmolador
• esmolat
• pedra d'esmolar

Further reading

• “esmolar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Portuguese

Etymology

From esmola +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /iz.moˈla(ʁ)/ [iz.moˈla(h)], /ez.moˈla(ʁ)/ [ez.moˈla(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /iz.moˈla(ʁ)/ [iz.moˈla(h)], /ez.moˈla(ʁ)/ [ez.moˈla(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /iz.moˈla(ɾ)/, /ez.moˈla(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʒ.moˈla(ʁ)/ [iʒ.moˈla(χ)], /eʒ.moˈla(ʁ)/ [eʒ.moˈla(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ez.moˈla(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.muˈlaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.muˈlaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.muˈla.ɾi/

Verb

esmolar (first-person singular present esmolo, first-person singular preterite esmolei, past participle esmolado) (transitive or intransitive)

1. to give as alms, to donate
2. to ask as alms, to beg

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esmolar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esmolar
Personal	esmolar	esmolares	esmolar	esmolarmos	esmolardes	esmolarem
Gerund
	esmolando
Past participle
Masculine	esmolado			esmolados
Feminine	esmolada			esmoladas
Indicative
Present	esmolo	esmolas	esmola	esmolamos	esmolais	esmolam
Imperfect	esmolava	esmolavas	esmolava	esmolávamos	esmoláveis	esmolavam
Preterite	esmolei	esmolaste	esmolou	esmolamos1, esmolámos2	esmolastes	esmolaram
Pluperfect	esmolara	esmolaras	esmolara	esmoláramos	esmoláreis	esmolaram
Future	esmolarei	esmolarás	esmolará	esmolaremos	esmolareis	esmolarão
Conditional	esmolaria	esmolarias	esmolaria	esmolaríamos	esmolaríeis	esmolariam
Subjunctive
Present	esmole	esmoles	esmole	esmolemos	esmoleis	esmolem
Imperfect	esmolasse	esmolasses	esmolasse	esmolássemos	esmolásseis	esmolassem
Future	esmolar	esmolares	esmolar	esmolarmos	esmolardes	esmolarem
Imperative
Affirmative		esmola	esmole	esmolemos	esmolai	esmolem
Negative (não)		não esmoles	não esmole	não esmolemos	não esmoleis	não esmolem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

References

• “esmolar” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
• “esmolar” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.