gaišs
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See also: gaiss
Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Originally the yo-stem variant of an earlier u-stem form *gaisus (a parallel o-stem variant yielded Latvian dialectal adjective gaiss), from Proto-Baltic *gais- (some researchers suggest *gaid-, i.e. *gaid-sus), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēy-, *gʷʰəy- (“bright, shining”) with an extra -s. Cognates include Lithuanian gaidrùs (“light, bright, clear”), Old Prussian gaylis (“white”), Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós, “gray, dark”) (< *gʷʰəywos or *gʷʰəysos).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
gaišs (definite gaišais, comparative gaišāks, superlative visgaišākais, adverb gaiši)
- (of lights, light sources) bright (strong; such that it produces strong light)
- gaiša spuldze ― bright (light) bulb
- gaiša liesma, uguns ― bright flame, fire
- gaišs zibens uzliesmojums ― bright flash of lightning
- gaišs ugunskurs ― bright (camp)fire
- aiz vecām, līkām ābelēm spīdēja gaiša mēnesnīca ― behind the old, hooked apple trees shone the bright moonlight
- (of places, time periods) light, bright, well lit
- gaiša istaba ― bright, well lit room
- gaiša iela ― bright, well lit street
- šodien ir gaišs ― today is bright (= well lit)
- no rīta jau kļūst gaišs ― in the morning it already becomes bright
- diena bija gaiša un zeltaina kā dzintara grauds ― the day was bright and golden like a grain of amber
- debesis kļuva aizvien gaišākas un gaišākas; nakts bija pagājusi ― the sky became brighter and brighter; the night was over
- (of objects, their colors) light, bright (white or with a large white admixture; without dark tones)
- gaišs tērps ― bright dress
- gaiša drāna ― light (not dark) fabric
- gaiša apkaklīte ― light collar
- gaiši ziedi ― light, bright flowers
- gaiši mati ― light, fair hair
- gaišas ūsas ― light mustache (i.e., fair-haired)
- gaiši zils ― light blue
- viņam ir atklāta seja un gaišas, it kā izbalējušs uzacis ― he has an open face and light, almost faded, eyebrows
- vienmēr atceries, ka gaišie toņi telpu it kā palielina, tumšie pamazina ― always remember that light tones make the room look bigger, (while) dark ones (= tones, colors) make it small
- (of liquids, drinks) light (relatively clear, transparent; not saturated, concentrated)
- gaišais alus ― light beer
- tēja ir vēl gan tāda gaiša ― the tea is still so light
- clear, obvious, unambiguous
- skaidri un gaiši ― loud and clear (lit. clear and bright)
- visa latviešu tautas daiļrade, it sevišķi dziesmas un pasakas, dod gaišu liecību par darbaļaužu optimistisko dzīves skatījumi ― the entire Latvian folk art, especially the songs and tales, give clear testimony of the working people's optimistic view of life
- bright (smart, intelligent, advanced; educated; morally, ethically evolved)
- gaišs prāts ― bright mind
- gaiša, gudra galva ― bright, smart head (= intelligent person)
- Verns nešaubīgi tic cilvēka gaišā gara uzvarai, zinātnes spēkam ― Verns firmly believes in the victory of man's bright spirit, in the power of science
- Ieva diendienā redz šo zēnu, tas ir gudrs un attīstīts, un gaišā prāta dēļ tam droši varētu piedot kaut pusi viņa nedarbu ― Ieva sees this boy every day, he is intelligent and developed, and because of (his) bright mind one could perhaps forgive half of his misdeeds
- bright, light (mentally balanced; good-natured, well-disposed; also, happy)
- viņa ir tāds gaišs, allaž priecīgs bērns ― she is such a bright, always happy child
- viņa acu priekšā stāvēja Zentas tēls, jauns, gaišs, priecīgs ― before his eyes (there) stood an image of Zenta, young, bright, happy
- Mariju sāpes padarījušas gaišāku un mierīgāku ― the pain made Mary lighter and calmer
- (of people, their behavior) bright (good, optimistic, happy; expressing such feelings)
- gaišas cerības ― bright hopes, expectations
- gaiši sapņi ― bright dreams
- gaiša laime ― bright, light happiness
- gaišas atmiņas ― bright, happy memories
- gaišs skatiens ― bright look
- gaišs smaids ― bright smile
- gaiša runa ― bright, happy talk
- mans tēvs bija gaiša rakstura, nekad nerājās, nesūdzējās ― my father had a bright disposition, he never quarreled or complained
- māte guļ un domā... nakts ir tumša, bet domas gaišas: domas par dēlu ― the mother lay down and thought... the night is dark, but (her) thoughts are light: thoughts about (her) son
- tiem gaišas un priecīgas sejas; un cik bezbēdīgi tie smejas! ― they (have) bright, happy faces; and how freely they laugh!
- sarunas bija gaišas, dzīves priecīgas, un tajās varēja manīt stipru ticību uzvarai ― the talks were bright (= optimistic, promising), life (was) happy, and one could notice in them a strong belief in victory
- (of social phenomena, time periods) bright, noble, free (with good perspectives; causing happiness)
- gaišas nākotnes valsts ― a country with a bright future
- ticība gaišai rītdienai ― belief in a bright tomorrow
- gaiša bērnība ― a bright (= happy) childhood
- gaiši brīži ― bright (= happy) moments
- gaišas vecumdienas ir arī maniem agrākiem darba biedriem ― many of my former colleagues have a bright (= happy) old age
- (of sounds, musical instruments) high, high-pitched; sonorous, pure
- gaišas vijoļu skaņas ― bright (= high-pitched) violin sounds
- gaišs zvans ― bright (= sonorous) bell
- viens cirtiens bija smagāks un dobjāks, otrs bija viegls, gaišs ― one stroke was heavy and hollow, the second was light, bright
Declension[edit]
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of gaišs
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | gaišs | gaiši | gaiša | gaišas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | gaišu | gaišus | gaišu | gaišas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | gaiša | gaišu | gaišas | gaišu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | gaišam | gaišiem | gaišai | gaišām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | gaišu | gaišiem | gaišu | gaišām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | gaišā | gaišos | gaišā | gaišās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “gaišs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN