makan

See also: makán, mákan, and Makan

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Verb

makan

1. to eat (consume)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈma.kan/
• Rhymes: -kan, -an
• Hyphenation: ma‧kan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay makan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Cognates

Cognate with Pattani Malay ماکٍي (makɛ), Minangkabau makan, Banjarese makan, Iban makai, Urak Lawoi' มากัด (makat).

Verb

makan (active memakan, passive dimakan, involuntary/perfective passive termakan)

1. to eat
   1. to ingest
      1. (transitive, intransitive) to consume (something solid or semi-solid, usually food) by putting it into the mouth and swallowing it
      3. (intransitive) to consume a meal
      4. (copulative, intransitive) to have a particular quality of diet; to be well-fed or underfed
   2. (transitive) to use up (to destroy, consume, or use up)
2. (transitive) to chew repeatedly

   Synonym: kunyah-kunyah

3. (transitive) to consume

   Synonym: konsumsi

4. (transitive, rare) to suck (to use the mouth and lips to pull in (a liquid, especially milk from the breast))

   Synonym: isap

   Rumah sakit ini memakan waktu yang lama untuk dibangun hingga jadi.

   This hospital took a long time to build and complete.

5. (of a chess, transitive, figurative, uncommon) to get rid of

   Synonym: singkirkan

6. (transitive, figurative) to injure (to wound or cause physical harm to a living creature)

   Synonym: lukai

Conjugation

Conjugation of makan (meng-, transitive)
Root	makan
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Imperative	Jussive
Active	memakan	termakan	dimakan	makan	makanlah
Locative	–	–	–	–	–
Causative / Applicative1	memakankan	termakankan	dimakankan	makankan	makankanlah
	Causative
Active	–	–	–	–	–
Locative	–	–	–	–	–
Causative / Applicative1	mempermakankan	terpermakankan	dipermakankan	permakankan	permakankanlah
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Adjective

makan

1. (figurative) work properly

   Untung saja remnya makan kalau tidak matilah kau. ― You're lucky that the brake worked properly otherwise you would be dead.

Derived terms

Affixed and duplicated terms

• ketermakanan
• makan-makan
• makan-makanan
• makanan
• makani
• makankan
• pemakan
• permakanan
• sepemakan
• termakan

 

Compound terms

• makan ampun
• makan angin
• makan arwah
• makan asam garam
• makan ayapan
• makan bawang
• makan bebas
• makan benak
• makan berkancah
• makan berpantang
• makan berulam
• makan besar
• makan biaya
• makan darah
• makan dati
• makan dawai
• makan dedak
• makan diri
• makan duit
• makan emas
• makan gaji
• makan hak
• makan hati
• makan jangat
• makan kawan sendiri
• makan kawat
• makan kerawat
• makan keringat orang
• makan kuli
• makan lewah
• makan malam
• makan mewah
• makan ongkos
• makan pagi
• makan pena
• makan riba
• makan sehat
• makan sekolah
• makan sepinggan
• makan sepuasnya
• makan siang
• makan sogok
• makan suap
• makan sumpah
• makan tali
• makan tanah
• makan tangan
• makan tidur
• makan tulang
• makan uang
• makan upah
• makan waktu

 

Etymology 2

Clipping of makanan

Noun

makan (first-person possessive makanku, second-person possessive makanmu, third-person possessive makannya)

1. (figurative) living; sustenance

   Synonyms: nafkah, penghidupan, rezeki

Further reading

• “makan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /makan/
• Rhymes: -kan, -an

Verb

makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)

1. to eat
2. consume, spend
3. to injure or penetrate
4. (impersonal) to work as expected
5. fit in
6. to follow (an advice)
7. to receive bribes or illegally obtained money

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
• makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
• memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
• dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
• bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• makan malam
• makan siang
• makan angin
• makan angkat
• makan bawang
• makan suap

Descendants

• Indonesian: makan

Further reading

• “makan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Swedish

Noun

makan

1. definite singular of maka

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• macan — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish macan (“bruised”), an inflection of macar (“to bruise”), although according to Manuel (1948), it is supposedly from Macao, due to Noceda & Sanlucar (1860) defining it as "Arroz de tubigan, bueno y oloroso, uno es blanco y otro colorado. Vino la semilla de Macan." and an early account of Fr. Domingo de Salazar (1583) saying that they have located it at "la ysla de Macan, donde viven los Portugueses que estan junto a la ciudad de Cantón, en la China,...".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maˈkan/, [mɐˈxan]
• Hyphenation: ma‧kan

Noun

makán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜈ᜔)

1. (botany) a type of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa, sometimes subspecies O. s. indica) grown across the Philippines with a variety of white rice and red rice, often considered as a second-class rice
2. (zoology) a species of pig with a savory meat when cooked

Related terms

• dinorado
• Makaw
• sinandomeng

 

Further reading

• “makan” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎^[1], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
• “makan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 40
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier