niech
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See also: niéch
Old Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Clipping of niechaj. First attested in the 15th century. Compare Old Czech nechť.
Pronunciation[edit]
Particle[edit]
niech
- (hortative) forms third person imperative; let
- 1858 [c. 1408], “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, page 145:
- Tak, yako napyszano, nyech stoy
- [Tak jako napisano, niech stoi]
Related terms[edit]
particles
verbs
- niechać impf
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “niech”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “niech”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “niech”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old Polish niech. By surface analysis, clipping of niechaj. Compare Czech nechť, Serbo-Croatian neka, Ukrainian неха́й (nexáj), and Upper Sorbian njech.
Pronunciation[edit]
- IPA(key): /ɲɛx/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɲex/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) - Rhymes: -ɛx
- Syllabification: niech
Particle[edit]
niech
- forms the third person imperative in the singular and plural; let, may
- Niech moc będzie z tobą! ― May the force be with you!
- Niech cię Bóg błogosławi. ― God bless you.
- forms the first person imperative in the singular; used only with perfective verbs; let, may
- Niech no pomyślę... ― Let me think...
- Niech zgadnę... ty jesteś John? ― Let me guess... you must be John?
- expresses optative meaning; had better, may
- (sciences) let (used to specify the meaning of a variable)
- Synonym: gdzie
- Niech x oznacza... ― Let x signify...
- (Middle Polish) if only; only
- Synonym: tylko
Interjection[edit]
niech
- (Middle Polish) expresses dissatisfaction or impatience
Conjunction[edit]
niech
- (Middle Polish) creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to
- (Middle Polish) creates a conditional; if
- Synonym: jeśli
Derived terms[edit]
particles
Related terms[edit]
particles
Trivia[edit]
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), niech is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 12 times in essays, 60 times in fiction, and 219 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 300 times, making it the 168th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- niech in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- niech in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “niech”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Renata Bronikowska (29.12.2012) “NIECH”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “niech”, in Słownik języka polskiego[2]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “niech”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[3]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “niech”, in Słownik języka polskiego[4] (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 261
Categories:
- Old Polish clippings
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish particles
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish clippings
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛx
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛx/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish particles
- Polish terms with usage examples
- pl:Sciences
- Polish terms with collocations
- Middle Polish
- Polish interjections
- Polish conjunctions