preliminary

English

Alternative forms

• præliminary (archaic)

Etymology

From the French préliminaire or from Modern Latin praelīmināris, formed from prae- (“before”) + līmen (“threshold”) + -āris (adjectival suffix); compare Latin līmināris (“of or belonging to a threshold”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) enPR: prĭlĭmʹĭnĕri, IPA^(key): /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: prĭlĭmʹĭnəri, IPA^(key): /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnəɹi/

Adjective

preliminary (not comparable)

1. In preparation for the main matter; initial, introductory, preparatory.

   Synonyms: initial, introductory, preparatory

   Antonyms: definitive, final

   These are just the preliminary results.

   • 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

     And then, after a few preliminary tries, the whole farm burst out into 'Beasts of England' in tremendous unison.

Derived terms

• nonpreliminary
• postpreliminary
• preliminarily
• preliminary considerations
• preliminary examination
• preliminary injunction
• preliminary results
• preliminary ruling

 

Translations

in preparation for the main matter

• Azerbaijani: ilkin, ibtidai, ilk
• Bulgarian: предварителен (bg) (predvaritelen), подготвителен (bg) (podgotvitelen)
• Catalan: preliminar
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 初步 (zh) (chūbù), 預備／预备 (zh) (yùbèi)

• Czech: předběžný (cs) m
• Dutch: voorbereidend (nl)
• Finnish: alustava (fi), preliminaarinen, esi- (fi)
• French: préliminaire (fr)
• Galician: preliminar
• Georgian: წინასწარი (c̣inasc̣ari)
• German: vorläufig (de), vorbereitend (de)
• Hungarian: előzetes (hu)
• Italian: preliminare (it)
• Japanese: 予備的 (ja) (よびてき, yobiteki)
• Korean: 예비의 (yebiui)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: preliminær, foreløpig (no)

  Nynorsk: preliminær, foreløpig

• Occitan: preliminar (oc)
• Polish: wstępny (pl) m
• Portuguese: preliminar (pt)
• Romanian: introductiv (ro) m or n, preliminar (ro) m or n, pregătitor (ro) m or n
• Russian: предвари́тельный (ru) (predvarítelʹnyj), подготови́тельный (ru) (podgotovítelʹnyj)
• Spanish: preliminar (es)
• Swedish: preliminär (sv)
• Turkish: geçici (tr), ilk (tr), ön (tr), öncü (tr)

Noun

preliminary (plural preliminaries)

1. A preparation for a main matter; an introduction.
   • 1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6)‎^[1]:

     In the Chinese novels, often of a very literary character, devoted to masculine love, it seems that all the preliminaries and transports of normal love are to be found, while physical union may terminate the scene.

2. Any of a series of sports events that determine the finalists
3. A relatively minor contest that precedes a major one, especially in boxing

Translations

introduction

• Finnish: johdatus (fi); johdanto (fi)

any of a series of sports

• Finnish: karsinta (fi), karsintaottelu
• Japanese: 予選 (ja) (よせん, yosen)

minor contest before major one

• Finnish: lämmittelyottelu