primer

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: Primer

English[edit]

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (“forming related objects”). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɹɪ.mɚ/, enPR: prĭmʹər
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • (US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2): IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹər
  • Audio (US irregular pronunciation)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ), -ɪmə(ɹ)

Noun[edit]

primer (plural primers)

  1. (historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.
    Synonyms: book of hours, prayer book
  2. (historical, Protestantism ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.
  3. A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
    • 1545, The A.B.C. Primers:
    • 1995, Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age […] , New York: Bantam Spectra, →ISBN:
      Four-year-old Elizabeth Finkle-McGraw would receive the Young Lady's Illustrated Primer from her grandfather. Fiona Hackworth would be getting a copy of the Illustrated Primer too, for this had been John Percival Hackworth's crime: He had programmed the matter compiler to place the cockleburs on the outside of Elizabeth's book.
  4. An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.
    • 1959 March, “New Reading on Railways: The Railwayman's Diesel Manual. By William F. Bolton. G. H. Lake. 7s. 6d.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:
      [...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.
  5. (New Zealand, obsolete) An elementary school class; an elementary school student.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
prayer book — see prayer book

Etymology 2[edit]

prime +‎ -er.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

primer (countable and uncountable, plural primers)

  1. Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.
    • 1912, United States Army Ordnance Dept, Handbook of the 2.95-inch mountain gun mate/riel and pack outfit, →ISBN, page 17:
      The percussion primer, known as the “ 110-grain percussion primer,” contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition to the essential elements of a percussion primer.
    • 2003, Sam Fadala, The Gun Digest Blackpowder Loading Manual, →ISBN, page 73:
      Therefore, the shotgun primer is quite self- contained. It consists of a separate metal cup called a battery cup that contains the primer itself. That's why it is considered a two-piece primer.
    • 2016, Steve Sieberts, Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Competitive Pistol Shooting, →ISBN, page 224:
      Take care when handling primers, especially ensure that your fingers are free of oil or dirt. Oil can affect the detonating properties of the primer pellet, and can be the cause of misfires if too much oil gets into the primer.
  2. (obsolete) A person who primes explosives.
  3. A substance used to prime wood, metal, etc. in preparation for painting.
  4. A layer of such a substance.
  5. A layer of makeup that goes beneath the foundation; undermakeup.
    • 1989, Stan Place, Bobbi Ray Madry, The Art and Science of Professional Makeup, →ISBN, page 95:
      The undermakeup (primer) should be allowed to dry-set for 30 seconds. Apply foundation over the primer with a sponge using light, careful strokes to blend. Undermakeups come in cream form, sponge-on wands, or sponge-on cream, and as a lotion.
  6. (obsolete) A person who primes wood, metal, etc.
  7. (biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.
  8. (medicine, zoology) A pheromone which interacts first with the endocrine system.
  9. A device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline, (especially) in airplanes.
  10. A person who prunes trees.
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Etymology 3[edit]

From Anglo-Norman primer (“first”), from Latin prīmārius (“first”).

Adjective[edit]

primer (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) First in time, initial, early.
  2. (obsolete) First in importance, premier.
  3. (obsolete, rare) First in position, foremost.
Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Catalan numbers (edit)
10[a], [b], [c]
1 2  →  10  → [a], [b], [c]
    Cardinal: u, un
    Ordinal: primer
    Ordinal abbreviation: 1r
Catalan Wikipedia article on 1

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Catalan primer, from Latin prīmārius.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

primer (feminine primera, masculine plural primers, feminine plural primeres)

  1. (ordinal number) first
  2. (mathematics) prime (having no divisor except itself and 1):

Derived terms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

primer

  1. first; before anything else

References[edit]

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

primer

  1. to dominate, to be dominant over
  2. to win (a prize)
  3. to prevail, take precedent

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of primer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple primer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple primant
/pʁi.mɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle primé
/pʁi.me/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present prime
/pʁim/ 		primes
/pʁim/ 		prime
/pʁim/ 		primons
/pʁi.mɔ̃/ 		primez
/pʁi.me/ 		priment
/pʁim/
imperfect primais
/pʁi.mɛ/ 		primais
/pʁi.mɛ/ 		primait
/pʁi.mɛ/ 		primions
/pʁi.mjɔ̃/ 		primiez
/pʁi.mje/ 		primaient
/pʁi.mɛ/
past historic2 primai
/pʁi.me/ 		primas
/pʁi.ma/ 		prima
/pʁi.ma/ 		primâmes
/pʁi.mam/ 		primâtes
/pʁi.mat/ 		primèrent
/pʁi.mɛʁ/
future primerai
/pʁim.ʁe/ 		primeras
/pʁim.ʁa/ 		primera
/pʁim.ʁa/ 		primerons
/pʁim.ʁɔ̃/ 		primerez
/pʁim.ʁe/ 		primeront
/pʁim.ʁɔ̃/
conditional primerais
/pʁim.ʁɛ/ 		primerais
/pʁim.ʁɛ/ 		primerait
/pʁim.ʁɛ/ 		primerions
/pʁi.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		primeriez
/pʁi.mə.ʁje/ 		primeraient
/pʁim.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present prime
/pʁim/ 		primes
/pʁim/ 		prime
/pʁim/ 		primions
/pʁi.mjɔ̃/ 		primiez
/pʁi.mje/ 		priment
/pʁim/
imperfect2 primasse
/pʁi.mas/ 		primasses
/pʁi.mas/ 		primât
/pʁi.ma/ 		primassions
/pʁi.ma.sjɔ̃/ 		primassiez
/pʁi.ma.sje/ 		primassent
/pʁi.mas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — prime
/pʁim/ 		— primons
/pʁi.mɔ̃/ 		primez
/pʁi.me/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From German primär, from French primaire, from Latin primarius.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ˈprimɛr]
  • Hyphenation: pri‧mer
  • Rhymes: -ɛr

Adjective[edit]

primer (comparative primerebb, superlative legprimerebb)

  1. primary
    primer feszültség ― primary voltage

Declension[edit]

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative primer primerek
accusative primert primereket
dative primernek primereknek
instrumental primerrel primerekkel
causal-final primerért primerekért
translative primerré primerekké
terminative primerig primerekig
essive-formal primerként primerekként
essive-modal — —
inessive primerben primerekben
superessive primeren primereken
adessive primernél primereknél
illative primerbe primerekbe
sublative primerre primerekre
allative primerhez primerekhez
elative primerből primerekből
delative primerről primerekről
ablative primertől primerektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		primeré primereké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		primeréi primerekéi

References[edit]

  1. ^ Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading[edit]

  • primer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch primair, from French primaire, from Latin prīmārius.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

primèr

  1. primary:
    1. first or earliest in a group or series.
    2. main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.

Alternative forms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Old French[edit]

Adjective[edit]

primer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular primere)

  1. Alternative form of premier

Adverb[edit]

primer

  1. Alternative form of premier

Noun[edit]

primer oblique singular, m (oblique plural primers, nominative singular primers, nominative plural primer)

  1. Alternative form of premier
  2. (Anglo-Norman) primer (hymn book)

References[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /prǐːmer/
  • Hyphenation: pri‧mer

Noun[edit]

prímer m (Cyrillic spelling при́мер)

  1. example, instance
  2. model, paragon
  3. precedence

Declension[edit]

Declension of primer
singular plural
nominative primer primeri
genitive primera primera
dative primeru primerima
accusative primer primere
vocative primeru primeri
locative primeru primerima
instrumental primerom primerima

Derived terms[edit]

Slovene[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

primẹ̑r m inan

  1. example (something representative of a group)

Inflection[edit]

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. primér
gen. sing. priméra
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		primér priméra priméri
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		priméra primérov primérov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		priméru priméroma primérom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		primér priméra primére
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		priméru primérih primérih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		primérom priméroma priméri

Derived terms[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Spanish numbers (edit)
1
    Cardinal: uno
    Apocopated cardinal: un
    Ordinal: primero
    Apocopated ordinal: primer
    Ordinal abbreviation: 1.º
    Multiplier: simple
    Distributive: sendos
Spanish Wikipedia article on 1

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /pɾiˈmeɾ/ [pɾiˈmeɾ]
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: pri‧mer

Adjective[edit]

primer m (apocopate, standard form primero)

  1. (before the noun) Apocopic form of primero (first)
    el primer hijo ― the first child
  2. (informal, proscribed) Apocopic form of primera (first)

Usage notes[edit]

  • The form primer is only used before and within the noun phrase of a modified masculine singular noun. In other positions, the standard form primero is used instead.

Further reading[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=primer&oldid=78966740"