spļaut

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Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Baltic *spyau-ti (for another example of a *py > pļ change, see pļaut), from Proto-Indo-European *p(ʰ)yēw-, *sp(ʰ)yēw- (“to spit”). Cognates include Lithuanian spiáuti, Proto-Slavic *pjuti (Russian плева́ть (plevátʹ), 1st. pers. pres. плюю́ (pljujú), Belarusian плюва́ць (pljuvácʹ), Ukrainian плюва́ти (pljuváty), Bulgarian плю́я (pljúja, “I spit”), Czech plíti, plvati, Polish pluć, plwać, spluwać), Gothic 𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (speiwan), Old High German spīwan, German speien, Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣṭhīvati), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō), Latin spuō.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

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Verb[edit]

spļaut (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present spļauju, spļauj, spļauj, past spļāvu)

  1. (intransitive) to spit, to expectorate (to push, throw saliva or sputum out of one's mouth)
    uz ietves aizliegts spļaut ― it is prohibited to spit on the sidewalk
    spļaut uz visām pusēm ― to spit on all sides
    pavasarī viņš reižu reizēm iznāca ārā no smēdes, pieķērās pie žoga un dažreiz it ilgi klepoja un spļāva ― sometimes in spring he came out of the forge, held on to the fence and sometimes coughed and spat for a long time
  2. (transitive) to spit (to push, throw something out of one's mouth)
    slimnieks spļauj asinis ― the patient is spitting blood
    spļaut ķiršu kauliņus zemē ― to spit cherry pits on the ground
    ej nost zirgam no galvas, kad tas putas no mutes spļauj un pakaviem zemi kārpa! ― go away from a horse when he spits foam from his mouth and scrapes the ground with his hooves!

Conjugation[edit]

conjugation of spļaut
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es spļauju spļāvu spļaušu —
2nd pers. sg. tu spļauj spļāvi spļausi spļauj
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa spļauj spļāva spļaus lai spļauj
1st pers. pl. mēs spļaujam spļāvām spļausim spļausim
2nd pers. pl. jūs spļaujat spļāvāt spļausiet,
spļausit 		spļaujiet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas spļauj spļāva spļaus lai spļauj
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present spļaujot Present Active 1 (Adj.) spļaujošs
Past esot spļāvis Present Active 2 (Adv.) spļaudams
Future spļaušot Present Active 3 (Adv.) spļaujot
Imperative lai spļaujot Present Active 4 (Obj.) spļaujam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active spļāvis
Present spļautu Present Passive spļaujams
Past būtu spļāvis Past Passive spļauts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāspļauj Infinitive (nenoteiksme) spļaut
Conjunctive 1 esot jāspļauj Negative Infinitive nespļaut
Conjunctive 2 jāspļaujot Verbal noun spļaušana

Derived terms[edit]

prefixed verbs:
other derived terms:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spļaut”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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