ばける
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Japanese[edit]
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 化ける |
Etymology[edit]
First cited to the Iroha Jiruishō of circa 1177-81.[1]
This word has an initial voiced consonant, which is not regular in native Japanese words, and might be a shift from another verb.
The Meigentsū and the Gengentei derive this from 計る (hakaru, “to measure”),[1] presumably via a hak- root.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "化ける"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
化ける | ばける | [bàkéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 化けろ | ばけろ | [bàkéꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 化けられる | ばけられる | [bàkéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 化けさせる | ばけさせる | [bàkésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 化けられる | ばけられる | [bàkéráréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 化けよう | ばけよー | [bàkéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 化けない | ばけない | [bàkéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 化けなかった | ばけなかった | [bàkéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 化けます | ばけます | [bàkémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 化けた | ばけた | [báꜜkètà] |
| Conjunctive | 化けて | ばけて | [báꜜkètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 化ければ | ばければ | [bàkéꜜrèbà] |
Verb[edit]
ばける • (bakeru) intransitive ichidan (stem ばけ (bake), past ばけた (baketa))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 化かす |
| mediopassive | ばける |
- to change oneself into, to transform oneself into, to take the form of
- 女に化けた猫
- onna ni baketa neko
- a cat that has changed into a woman
- 女に化けた猫
- to disguise oneself, to appear in disguise
- to change for the worse, to corrupt
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "ばける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ばけ | bake | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ばけ | bake | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ばける | bakeru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ばける | bakeru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ばけれ | bakere | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ばけよ¹ ばけろ² |
bakeyo¹ bakero² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | ばけられる | bakerareru | ||
| Causative | ばけさせる ばけさす |
bakesaseru bakesasu | ||
| Potential | ばけられる ばけれる³ |
bakerareru bakereru³ | ||
| Volitional | ばけよう | bakeyō | ||
| Negative | ばけない ばけぬ ばけん |
bakenai bakenu baken | ||
| Negative continuative | ばけず | bakezu | ||
| Formal | ばけます | bakemasu | ||
| Perfective | ばけた | baketa | ||
| Conjunctive | ばけて | bakete | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | ばければ | bakereba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
- 化け猫 (bakeneko): ghostly cat
- 化け物 (bakemono): goblin, apparition
- お化け (obake): goblin, apparition
- ふける (fukeru)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “ば・ける 【化】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)
[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
