| man; person; people | tiny; minute; clandestine tiny; minute; clandestine; hide; elegant; exquisite |
to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word |
light; easy; gentle light; easy; gentle; soft; reckless; unimportant; frivolous; small in number; unstressed; neutral | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (人微言輕) | 人 | 微 | 言 | 輕 | |
| simp. (人微言轻) | 人 | 微 | 言 | 轻 | |
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 人 | 微 | 言 | 輕 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 明 (4) | 疑 (31) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 微 (21) | 元 (65) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 如鄰切 | 無非切 | 語軒切 | 去盈切 |
| Baxter | nyin | mj+j | ngjon | khjieng |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵiɪn/ | /mʉi/ | /ŋɨɐn/ | /kʰiᴇŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵin/ | /mʷɨi/ | /ŋiɐn/ | /kʰiɛŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑjen/ | /miuəi/ | /ŋiɐn/ | /kʰiæŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵin/ | /muj/ | /ŋɨan/ | /kʰiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiĕn/ | /miuəi/ | /ŋiɐn/ | /kʰiɛŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭĕn/ | /mĭwəi/ | /ŋĭɐn/ | /kʰĭɛŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯ĕn/ | /mwe̯i/ | /ŋɨ̯ɐn/ | /kʰi̯ɛŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rén | wéi | yán | qīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
jan4 | mei4 | jin4 | hing1 |
人微言輕