to steal; to pilfer | music; happy; laugh music; happy; laugh; cheerful | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (偷樂) | 偷 | 樂 | |
simp. (偷乐) | 偷 | 乐 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 偷 | 樂 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 來 (37) |
Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 鐸 (103) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | I | I |
Fanqie | 託侯切 | 盧各切 |
Baxter | thuw | lak |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tʰəw/ | /lak̚/ |
Li Rong |
/tʰu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
Wang Li |
/tʰəu/ | /lɑk̚/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/tʰə̯u/ | /lɑk̚/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tōu | luò |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
tau1 | lok6 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 偷 | 樂 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 2/4 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tōu | lè |
Middle Chinese |
‹ thuw › | ‹ lak › |
Old Chinese |
/*l̥ˁo/ | /*[r]ˁawk/ |
English | steal | joy; enjoy |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 偷 | 樂 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
No. | 15831 | 7673 |
Phonetic component |
俞 | 樂 |
Rime group |
侯 | 藥 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
偷 | 落 |
Old Chinese |
/*l̥ʰoː/ | /*raːwɢ/ |
偷樂