僧伽

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (僧伽)		僧	伽

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha, “collection, multitude, crowd, community, association”) or Pali sangha. (Dassanayake, 2021) Tibetan equivalent is དགེ་འདུན (dge 'dun).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sēngqié, sēngjiā

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄥ ㄑㄧㄝˊ, ㄙㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zang¹ ke⁴, sang¹ ke⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-ka

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sēngqié
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄥ ㄑㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sengcié
    • Wade–Giles: sêng¹-chʻieh²
    • Yale: sēng-chyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sengchye
    • Palladius: сэнце (sɛnce)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, common nonstandard variant)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sēngjiā
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄥ ㄐㄧㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sengjia
    • Wade–Giles: sêng¹-chia¹
    • Yale: sēng-jyā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sengjia
    • Palladius: сэнцзя (sɛnczja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 僧伽 僧家

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zang¹ ke⁴, sang¹ ke⁴
    • Yale: jāng kèh, sāng kèh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzang¹ ke⁴, sang¹ ke⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeng¹ ké⁴, seng¹ ké⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵ kʰɛː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-ka
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-ka
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengkaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ ka³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: song gja

Rime
Character	僧	伽
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	登 (129)	戈 (96)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇增切	求迦切
Baxter	song	gja
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/səŋ/	/ɡɨɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/səŋ/	/ɡiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/səŋ/	/ɡiɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/səŋ/	/gɨa/
Li Rong	/səŋ/	/ɡiɑ/
Wang Li	/səŋ/	/ɡǐɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/səŋ/	/gi̯ɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sēng	qié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang1	ke4

Noun

僧伽

1. (Buddhism) sangha; Buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices and laity

Derived terms

• 僧 (sēng, “monk, bonze”)
• 僧伽多
• 僧伽藍／僧伽蓝

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (僧伽):

• → Japanese: 僧伽(そうぎゃ) (sōgya)
• → Korean: 승가(僧伽) (seungga)
• → Vietnamese: tăng già (僧伽)