凝集

Chinese

		congeal; concentrate attention	to gather; to collect; collected works
trad. (凝集)		凝	集
simp. #(凝集)		凝	集

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): níngjí

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ zaap⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gêng-chi̍p

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: níngjí
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: níngjí
    • Wade–Giles: ning²-chi²
    • Yale: níng-jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ningjyi
    • Palladius: нинцзи (ninczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niŋ³⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁴ zaap⁶
    • Yale: yìhng jaahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ dzaap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ zab⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ t͡saːp̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêng-chi̍p
    • Tâi-lô: gîng-tsi̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gengcip
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡sip̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiɪŋ¹³⁻²² t͡sip̚¹²¹/

Verb

凝集

1. to gather; to concentrate

Related terms

• 凝聚 (níngjù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
凝	集
ぎょう Grade: S	しゅう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative forms

• 凝聚

The 凝集 spelling is more common.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぎょーしゅう [gyòóshúú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲo̞ːɕɨᵝː]

Noun

凝(ぎょう)集(しゅう) • (gyōshū) ^{←ぎようしふ (gyousifu)?}

1. clumping, cohesion, agglutination, coagulation, flocculation

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 凝集原(ぎょうしゅうげん) (gyōshūgen): a reagent that causes an agglutination reaction
• 凝集素(ぎょうしゅうそ) (gyōshūso): (medicine) agglutinin
• 凝集反応(ぎょうしゅうはんのう) (gyōshū hannō): (medicine) an agglutination reaction
• 凝集力(ぎょうしゅうりょく) (gyōshūryoku): cohesiveness, cohesive strength
• 凝集剤(ぎょうしゅうざい) (gyōshūzai): (engineering) a coagulant; (chemistry) a flocculant
• 凝集薬(ぎょうしゅうやく) (gyōshūyaku): (medicine) a coagulant

Verb

凝(ぎょう)集(しゅう)する • (gyōshū suru) ^{←ぎようしふ (gyousifu)?}intransitive suru (stem 凝(ぎょう)集(しゅう)し (gyōshū shi), past 凝(ぎょう)集(しゅう)した (gyōshū shita))

1. to clump together, to cohere, to agglutinate, to coagulate, to flocculate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "凝集する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	凝集し	ぎょうしゅうし	gyōshū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	凝集し	ぎょうしゅうし	gyōshū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	凝集する	ぎょうしゅうする	gyōshū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	凝集する	ぎょうしゅうする	gyōshū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	凝集すれ	ぎょうしゅうすれ	gyōshū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	凝集せよ¹ 凝集しろ²	ぎょうしゅうせよ¹ ぎょうしゅうしろ²	gyōshū seyo¹ gyōshū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	凝集される	ぎょうしゅうされる	gyōshū sareru
Causative	凝集させる 凝集さす	ぎょうしゅうさせる ぎょうしゅうさす	gyōshū saseru gyōshū sasu
Potential	凝集できる	ぎょうしゅうできる	gyōshū dekiru
Volitional	凝集しよう	ぎょうしゅうしよう	gyōshū shiyō
Negative	凝集しない	ぎょうしゅうしない	gyōshū shinai
Negative continuative	凝集せず	ぎょうしゅうせず	gyōshū sezu
Formal	凝集します	ぎょうしゅうします	gyōshū shimasu
Perfective	凝集した	ぎょうしゅうした	gyōshū shita
Conjunctive	凝集して	ぎょうしゅうして	gyōshū shite
Hypothetical conditional	凝集すれば	ぎょうしゅうすれば	gyōshū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative