加冷

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (加冷)		加	冷
simp. #(加冷)		加	冷

Etymology

From Malay Kallang, via Cantonese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jiālěng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa¹ laang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jiālěng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jialěng
    • Wade–Giles: Chia¹-lêng³
    • Yale: Jyā-lěng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jialeeng
    • Palladius: Цзялэн (Czjalɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ lɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaa¹ laang⁵
    • Yale: gā láahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ laang⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ lang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ laːŋ¹³/

Proper noun

加冷

1. Kallang (an area in Singapore)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
加	冷
か Grade: 4	れい Grade: 4
kan’on

Etymology

Compare 加(か)熱(ねつ) (kanetsu, “heating”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “earliest attestation, etc.”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾe̞ː]

Noun

加(か)冷(れい) • (karei) 

1. (uncommon) cooling; the process of making something cooler
   • 1990 November 9, Taek Choi Young, Denki chikureinetsu-shiki reidanbō sōchi oyobi reidanbō hōhō [Electric storage heat storage type cooling and heating device and cooling and heating method], Japan patent JPH06100351B2 (Google patents):

     一(いっ)定(てい)の加(か)熱(ねつ)時(じ)間(かん)、加(か)冷(れい)時(じ)間(かん)、或(ある)は加(か)冷(れい)熱(ねつ)する回(かい)数(すう)に従(したが)って、蓄(ちく)冷(れい)熱(ねつ)材(ざい)７(なな)を累(るい)進(しん)的(てき)に加(か)冷(れい)、加(か)熱(ねつ)、蓄(ちく)冷(れい)、蓄(ちく)熱(ねつ)できる […]

     Ittei no kanetsu jikan, karei jikan, aru wa kareinetsu suru kaisū ni shitagatte, chikureinetsuzai nana o ruishinteki ni karei, kanetsu, chikurei, chikunetsu dekiru […]

     According to the constant heating time, cooling time, or the number of times heated, cold storage heat material 7 can be progressively cooled, heated, made to store cold, or store heat

Verb

加(か)冷(れい)する • (karei suru) transitive suru (stem 加(か)冷(れい)し (karei shi), past 加(か)冷(れい)した (karei shita))

1. (uncommon) to cool something
   • 1935, Hoashi Sakujirō, “Kakushu no onsen ni yorite kaon mata ha karei seraretaru nochi no hifu ondo ni tsuite [On skin temperature after heating or cooling in various hot springs]”, in Nihon onsen kikō gakkai‎^[1], page 25:

     次(つぎ)ニ豫(あらかじ)メ皮(ひ)膚(ふ)ヲ加(か)温(おん)叉(また)ハ加(か)冷(れい)セル後(あと)ノ皮(ひ)膚(ふ)温(おん)度(ど)測(そく)定(てい)ニ就(つい)テハ之(これ)亦(また)既(き)往(おう)諸(しょ)家(か)ノ研(けん)究(きゅう)アリ

     Tsugi ni arakajime hifu o kaon mata wa karei seru ato no hifu ondo sokutei ni tsuite wa kore mata kiō shoka no kenkyū ari

     Next, regarding the measurement of skin temperature after first being heated or being cooled, there is existing research again showing various schools of thought

   • 1997, Fukada Hiroyuki, “Onsei shōgai no shindan to chiryō [Diagnosis and treatment of dysphonia]”, in Onsei gengo igaku‎^[2], page 220:

     発(はっ)声(せい)の終(しゅう)了(りょう)とともにこの液(えき)柱(ばしら)はくずれて一(いっ)端(たん)声(せい)帯(たい)下(か)方(ほう)に流(なが)れ込(こ)み声(せい)帯(たい)全(ぜん)体(たい)を一(いっ)気(き)に潤(じゅん)滑(かつ), 加(か)冷(れい)する.

     Hassei no shūryō totomoni kono ekibashira wa kuzurete ittan seitai kahō ni nagarekomi seitai zentai o ikki ni junkatsu, karei suru

     Following vocalization, this column collapses suddenly and a portion of the liquid inundates the lower portion of the vocal cords, lubricating and cooling the entire vocal cords.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "加冷する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	加冷し	かれいし	karei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	加冷し	かれいし	karei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	加冷する	かれいする	karei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	加冷する	かれいする	karei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	加冷すれ	かれいすれ	karei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	加冷せよ¹ 加冷しろ²	かれいせよ¹ かれいしろ²	karei seyo¹ karei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	加冷される	かれいされる	karei sareru
Causative	加冷させる 加冷さす	かれいさせる かれいさす	karei saseru karei sasu
Potential	加冷できる	かれいできる	karei dekiru
Volitional	加冷しよう	かれいしよう	karei shiyō
Negative	加冷しない	かれいしない	karei shinai
Negative continuative	加冷せず	かれいせず	karei sezu
Formal	加冷します	かれいします	karei shimasu
Perfective	加冷した	かれいした	karei shita
Conjunctive	加冷して	かれいして	karei shite
Hypothetical conditional	加冷すれば	かれいすれば	karei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative