君が代
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Japanese[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 君 | 代 |
| きみ Grade: 3 |
よ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 君が世 君代 君世 |
Etymology[edit]
From Old Japanese 君が代 (kimi ga yo). Found already in the Man'yōshū, completed in 759 CE.[1][2][3][4]
Analyzable as a noun phrase composed of 君 (kimi, “lord, master”) + が (ga, ancient possessive particle) + 代 (yo, “life, lifespan; reign”).[1][2][3]
The lyrics to the national anthem are from the 776th poem of the Wakan Rōeishū (c. 1013), in turn based on the 343rd poem of the Kokin Wakashū (905 CE):
- わが君は千代に八千代にさざれ石の巌となりて苔の生すまで
- waga kimi wa chiyo ni yachiyo ni sazare-ishi no iwao to narite koke no musu made
- May our lord endure for a thousand, eight thousand long generations―may he live until pebbles grow into mossy boulders.[5]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
君が代 • (kimi ga yo)
- (poetic) your age/era/generation
- (poetic) the era of a nobleman or ruler
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 20, poem 1085)
- 君が代は限りもあらじ長浜のまさごの数はよみつくすとも
- kimi ga yo wa kagiri mo araji Nagahama no masago no kazu wa yomitsukusu to mo
- The age of our lord will be without limit, though one count the sand, calling the grains one by one, down Nagahama's long shore.[6]
- 君が代は限りもあらじ長浜のまさごの数はよみつくすとも
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 20, poem 1085)
- (poetic) the emperor's reign
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) boiled eggs mixed with white bean jam and red bean paste
- Synonym of 岩千鳥 (iwachidori): a species of orchid, Ponerorchis keiskei syn. Amitostigma keiskei
Derived terms[edit]
- 君が代に (kimi ga yo ni, pillow word)
- 君が代の (kimi ga yo no, pillow word)
- 君が代蘭 (kimigayoran, orchid)
Proper noun[edit]
君が代 • (Kimi ga Yo)
- Kimigayo, the national anthem of Japan
- 君が代は千代に八千代にさざれ石のいわおとなりて苔のむすまで
- kimi ga yo wa chiyo ni yachiyo ni sazare-ishi no iwao to narite koke no musu made
- May your majesty's reign for a thousand―even eight thousand―generations, until pebbles become boulders covered over moss.[7]
- 「君が代」の歌詞は世界最古の国歌です。
- “Kimigayo” no kashi wa sekai saiko no kokka desu.
- The lyrics of the national anthem of Japan are the oldest of all national anthems in the world.
- “Kimigayo ” wa seishiki ni wa nihon no kokka desu.
- Kimigayo is officially the national anthem of Japan.
- 君が代は千代に八千代にさざれ石のいわおとなりて苔のむすまで
Usage notes[edit]
As a proper noun, 君が代 (Kimi ga Yo) is used exclusively to refer to the national anthem of Japan. The generic term for "national anthem" is 国歌 (kokka).
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ , text here (in Japanese)
- ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 444
- ^ Edwin A. Cranston (1993) A Waka Anthology: Grasses of remembrance, Part A, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 9
- ^ Roger K Thomas (2013) “Kimigayo (National Anthem)”, in Louis G. Perez, editor, Japan at War: An Encyclopedia, illustrated, reprint edition, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 177
Old Japanese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Analyzable as a noun phrase composed of 君 (kimi, “lord, master”) + が (ga, ancient possessive particle) + 代 (yo, “life, lifespan; reign”).[1][2][3]
Phrase[edit]
君が代 (ki1mi1 ga yo2) (kana きみがよ)
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 君が代 (kimi ga yo)
References[edit]
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Gary L. Ebersole (1992) Ritual Poetry and the Politics of Death in Early Japan, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 233
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 君 read as きみ
- Japanese terms spelled with 代 read as よ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
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- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
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- ja:National anthems
- Old Japanese compound terms
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