嚴肅

See also: 严肃

Chinese

		(air or water) tight; stern; serious (air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe	Gansu; respectful
trad. (嚴肅)		嚴	肅
simp. (严肃)		严	肃

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yánsù

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴ suk¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng-sé̤ṳk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): giâm-sok / giâm-siok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵ sog⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gni-soq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yánsù
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄙㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yánsù
    • Wade–Giles: yen²-su⁴
    • Yale: yán-sù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yansuh
    • Palladius: яньсу (janʹsu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ su⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jim⁴ suk¹
    • Yale: yìhm sūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴ suk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴ sug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹ sʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm-siuk / ngiàm-siu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiamˇ xiug` / ngiamˇ xiug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam² xiug⁵ / ngiam² xiug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚²/, /ŋi̯am¹¹ si̯uk̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng-sé̤ṳk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(s-)nøyʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-sok
    • Tâi-lô: giâm-sok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giamsog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² sɔk̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm-siok
    • Tâi-lô: giâm-siok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giamsiog
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³⁻³³ siɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiam²⁴⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³⁻²² siɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngiam⁵ sog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm sok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ sok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶gni-soq
    • MiniDict: nyi^去 soh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi-soq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²² soʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjaem sjuwk

Rime
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	嚴 (145)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	語𩏩切	息逐切
Baxter	ngjaem	sjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐm/	/sɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨam/	/suwk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiɐm/	/siuk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭɐm/	/sĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ɐm/	/si̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán	su
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim4	suk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋ(r)am  siwk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋam  sɯwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán	sù
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjæm ›	‹ sjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ(r)am/	/*siwk/
English	stern, majestic	solemn, severe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚴	肅
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3692	12125
Phonetic component	敢	肅
Rime group	談	覺
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	嚴	肅
Old Chinese	/*ŋam/	/*sɯwɢ/

Adjective

嚴肅

1. solemn; stately; serious

   特區應嚴肅處理公務員違規事件。 [MSC, trad.]
   特区应严肃处理公务员违规事件。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tèqū yīng yánsù chǔlǐ gōngwùyuán wéiguī shìjiàn. [Pinyin]

   Special administrative regions should seriously punish civil servants who violate regulations.

2. earnest; serious

Synonyms

• (solemn):

• 厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
• 嚴／严 (yán)
• 嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
• 嚴峻／严峻 (yánjùn)
• 嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
• 嚴酷／严酷 (yánkù)
• 尊重 (zūnzhòng)
• 整肅／整肃 (zhěngsù)
• 正經／正经
• 淩厲／凌厉 (línglì) (literary)
• 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
• 矜持 (jīnchí)
• 莊／庄 (zhuāng)
• 莊重／庄重 (zhuāngzhòng)
• 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng)

 

• (earnest):

• 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
• 仔細／仔细 (zǐxì)
• 嚴／严 (yán)
• 嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
• 密切 (mìqiè)
• 審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
• 小心 (xiǎoxīn)
• 慎密 (shènmì)
• 慎重 (shènzhòng)
• 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
• 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
• 正經／正经
• 當心／当心 (dāngxīn)
• 精心 (jīngxīn)
• 精細／精细 (jīngxì)
• 細心／细心 (xìxīn)
• 細膩／细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
• 認真／认真 (rènzhēn)
• 謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
• 謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
• 較真／较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
• 過細／过细 (guòxì)
• 鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)

 

Verb

嚴肅

1. to make serious or severe
2. to strictly enforce

Derived terms

• 嚴肅音樂／严肃音乐
• 嚴處／严处 (yánchǔ)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
嚴	肅
げん Jinmeiyō	しゅく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 嚴肅 – see the following entry.

【厳粛げんしゅく】 [adjective] grave, solemn, serious [noun] solemnity, seriousness

(This term, 嚴肅, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
嚴	肅

Noun

嚴肅 • (eomsuk) (hangeul 엄숙)

1. Hanja form^? of 엄숙 (“solemnity; graveness; seriousness”).