因果

Chinese

		cause; reason; because	fruit; result
simp. and trad. (因果)		因	果

Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit हेतु (hetu, “impulse, cause”) and फल (phala, “fruit, result”) arising from translation of Buddhist texts. (Dassanayake (2021), pg. 124)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīnguǒ

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹ gwo²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîn-kó
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): in-kó / in-kó͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīnguǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yinguǒ
    • Wade–Giles: yin¹-kuo³
    • Yale: yīn-gwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inguoo
    • Palladius: иньго (inʹgo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan¹ gwo²
    • Yale: yān gwó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹ gwo²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen¹ guo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: in´ go`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin<sup>1</sup> go<sup>3</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ ko³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)in´ go`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹ go³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ ko³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-kó
    • Tâi-lô: in-kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: inkoir
    • IPA (Taipei): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-kó͘
    • Tâi-lô: in-kóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: inkor
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /in³³ kɔ⁵⁵⁴/

Noun

因果

1. cause and effect
2. (Buddhism) karma; fate

Derived terms

• 三世因果
• 因果報應／因果报应 (yīnguǒ bàoyìng)
• 因果律 (yīnguǒlǜ)
• 因果關係／因果关系 (yīnguǒ guānxì)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (因果):

• → Japanese: 因果(いんが) (inga)
• → Korean: 인과(因果) (in'gwa)
• → Vietnamese: nhân quả (因果)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
因	果
いん Grade: 5	か > が Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) い​んが [íꜜǹgà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ĩŋɡa̠]

Adjective

因(いん)果(が) • (inga) ^{←いんぐわ (ingwa)?}-na (adnominal 因(いん)果(が)な (inga na), adverbial 因(いん)果(が)に (inga ni))

1. fateful, unlucky

Noun

因(いん)果(が) • (inga) ^{←いんぐわ (ingwa)?}

1. cause and effect; karma; fate

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 因(いん)果(が)応(おう)報(ほう) (inga ōhō): retributive justice; retribution
• 因(いん)果(が)関(かん)係(けい) (inga kankei)
• 因(いん)果(が)経(きょう) (ingakyō)
• 因(いん)果(が)経(きょう)絵(え)巻(まき) (ingakyōemaki)
• 因(いん)果(が)晒(ざら)し (ingazarashi)
• 因(いん)果(が)性(せい) (ingasei)
• 因(いん)果(がて)覿(き)面(めん) (ingate kimen)
• 因(いん)果(が)と (inga to)
• 因(いん)果(が)人(にん) (inganin)
• 因(いん)果(が)の小(お)車(ぐるま) (inga no oguruma)
• 因(いん)果(が)は皿(さら)の縁(ふち) (inga wa sara no fuchi)
• 因(いん)果(が)法(ほう)則(そく) (inga hōsoku)
• 因(いん)果(が)者(もの) (ingamono)
• 因(いん)果(が)物(もの)語(がたり) (inga monogatari)
• 因(いん)果(が)律(りつ) (ingaritsu)
• 因(いん)果(が)を含(ふく)める (inga o fukumeru)
• 絵(え)因(いん)果(が)経(きょう) (eingakyō)
• 親(おや)の因(いん)果(が)が子(こ)に報(むく)う (oya no inga ga ko ni mukū)
• 過(か)去(こ)現(げん)在(ざい)因(いん)果(が)経(きょう) (kakogenzaīngakyō)
• 過(か)去(こ)現(げん)在(ざい)因(いん)果(が)経(きょう)絵(え)巻(まき) (kakogenzaīngakyōemaki)
• 三(さん)世(ぜ)因(いん)果(が) (sanzeinga)
• 惚(ほ)れたが因(いん)果(が) (horeta ga inga)
• 回(めぐ)る因(いん)果(が) (meguru inga)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
因	果

Noun

因果

1. chữ Hán form of nhân quả (“karma, causality”).