密陀僧

Chinese

FWOTD – 18 September 2016

			monk
simp. and trad. (密陀僧)		密陀	僧
alternative forms		蜜陀僧 沒多僧／没多僧 彌陀僧／弥陀僧 蜜陀曾

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian مردار سنگ (mordâr-sang, “dross of lead; protoxide of lead; litharge”), compound of مردار (mordâr, “dead, unclean, impure”) and سنگ (sang, “stone”).

Compare Urdu مرداسنگ (murdā-sang) (colloquial), Urdu مردارسنگ (murdār-sang, “litharge”), Hindi मुरदासंख (murdāsaṅkh, “litharge; yellow pigment”), Sanskrit मोदारशृङ्ग (modāraśṛṅga, “litharge”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mìtuósēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mat⁶ to⁴ zang¹, mat⁶ to⁴ sang¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bi̍t-tô-cheng
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁸miq-du-sen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mìtuósēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄙㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mìtuóseng
    • Wade–Giles: mi⁴-tʻo²-sêng¹
    • Yale: mì-twó-sēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mihtwoseng
    • Palladius: митосэн (mitosɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵ sɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mat⁶ to⁴ zang¹, mat⁶ to⁴ sang¹
    • Yale: maht tòh jāng, maht tòh sāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mat⁹ to⁴ dzang¹, mat⁹ to⁴ sang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: med⁶ to⁴ zeng¹, med⁶ to⁴ seng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹ t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /mɐt̚² tʰɔː²¹ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bi̍t-tô-cheng
    • Tâi-lô: bi̍t-tô-tsing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biddoizefng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bit̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴⁻²² t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁸miq-du-sen
    • MiniDict: mih^入 du sen
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵miq-du-sen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɪʔ¹¹ du²² sən²³/

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• Middle Chinese: mit da song

Rime
Character	密	陀	僧
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	定 (7)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	眞 (49)	歌 (94)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	美畢切	徒河切	蘇增切
Baxter	mit	da	song
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiɪt̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚit̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miet̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjit̚/	/da/	/səŋ/
Li Rong	/mjĕt̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭĕt̚/	/dɑ/	/səŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕt̚/	/dʱɑ/	/səŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mì	tuó	sēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mat6	to4	sang1

Noun

密陀僧

1. (mineralogy, traditional Chinese medicine) litharge; lithargyrum; lead monoxide

   • 密陀僧，《本經》不載所出州土。注云出波斯國。今嶺南、閩中銀銅冶處亦有之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     密陀僧，《本经》不载所出州土。注云出波斯国。今岭南、闽中银铜冶处亦有之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tang Shenwei, Zhenglei Bencao [a TCM compendium], ca. 1082–1098.

     Mìtuósēng, “Běnjīng” bù zǎi suǒ chū zhōutǔ. Zhù yún chū Bōsīguó. Jīn Lǐngnán, Mǐnzhōng yíntóng yěchù yì yǒu zhī. [Pinyin]

     Mituoseng: Benjing [a TCM compendium] did not record places (in China) where this was found, and the annotation therein considers its place of origin as Persia. Nowadays, it is found in Lingnan [Southern China] and Central Fujian, at the site of silver and copper smelting.

Synonyms

• 一氧化鉛／一氧化铅 (yīyǎnghuàqiān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (密陀僧):

• → Japanese: 密陀僧(みつだそう) (mitsudasō)
• → Korean: 밀타승(密陀僧) (miltaseung)
• → Vietnamese: mật đà tăng (密陀僧)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
密	陀	僧
みつ Grade: 6	だ Jinmeiyō	そう Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
密陀僧 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みつだ​そー [mìtsúdáꜜsòò] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [mʲit͡sɨᵝda̠so̞ː]

Noun

密(みつ)陀(だ)僧(そう) • (mitsudasō) 

1. litharge, lead monoxide

Synonyms

• 酸(さん)化(か)鉛(なまり) (sankanamari, “lead monoxide”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
密	陀	僧

Noun

密陀僧 • (miltaseung) (hangeul 밀타승)

1. Hanja form^? of 밀타승 (“litharge”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
密	陀	僧

Noun

密陀僧

1. chữ Hán form of mật đà tăng (“litharge”).