愷悌

Chinese

		joyful; kind	at ease
trad. (愷悌)		愷	悌
simp. (恺悌)		恺	悌

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎitì

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ ㄊㄧˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎitì
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ ㄊㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎitì
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai³-tʻi⁴
    • Yale: kǎi-tì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaetih
    • Palladius: кайти (kajti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: khojX dejX

Rime
Character	愷	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	苦亥切	徒禮切
Baxter	khojX	dejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌiX/	/deiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəiX/	/deiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒiX/	/dɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəjX/	/dɛjX/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀiX/	/deiX/
Wang Li	/kʰɒiX/	/dieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆iX/	/dʱieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎi	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi2	dai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ  diːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ khojX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/
English	triumphal music; happy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愷	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	10103	2296
Phonetic component	豈	弟
Rime group	微	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	愷	弟
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/	/*diːlʔ/

Adjective

愷悌

1. (literary, of the mind) happy and content; at ease; peaceful and graceful

   • 營營青蠅，止于樊。豈弟君子，無信讒言。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     营营青蝇，止于樊。岂弟君子，无信谗言。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yíngyíng qīngyíng, zhǐ yú fán. Kǎitì jūnzǐ, wùxìn chányán. [Pinyin]

     They buzz about, the blue flies,
     Lighting on the fences.
     O happy and courteous sovereign,
     Do not believe slanderous speeches.