慬

慬 U+616C, 慬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-616C ← 慫 [U+616B] CJK Unified Ideographs 慭 → [U+616D]

Translingual

Han character

慬 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心廿中一 (PTLM), four-corner 9401₄, composition ⿰忄堇)

1. brave
2. cautious
3. sad

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11129
• Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2344, character 16
• Unihan data for U+616C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		慬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kan⁴
    • Yale: kàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: gj+n, kj+nX

Rime
Character	慬	慬
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨斤切	居隱切
Baxter	gj+n	kj+nX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨn/	/kɨnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨn/	/kɨnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiən/	/kiənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨn/	/kɨnX/
Li Rong	/ɡiən/	/kiənX/
Wang Li	/ɡĭən/	/kĭənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ən/	/ki̯ənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan4	gan2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯnʔ/, /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ər/
English	courageous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慬	慬
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6748	6750
Phonetic component	堇	堇
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	謹	勤
Old Chinese	/*kɯnʔ/	/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

慬

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References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01171

Japanese

Kanji

慬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): きん (kin); ごん (gon); こん (kon)
• Kun: かなしむ (kanashimu)

Vietnamese

Han character

慬: Hán Nôm readings: cần

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.