sad

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "sad"

Translingual[edit]

Symbol[edit]

sad

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sandawe.

English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“sated, full”), from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”). Cognate to West Frisian sêd, Dutch zat, German satt.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /sæd/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æd

Adjective[edit]

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

  1. (heading) Emotionally negative.
    1. Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
      She gets sad when he's away.
    2. Appearing sorrowful.
      The puppy had a sad little face.
      • 2010 February, Eric Rentschler, Itoh's Ghost‎[1], iUniverse, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 54:
        We need a sad man. Give us a sad man.” Tomo gave the look of a sad man, then followed with the body of a sad man. “That's it, more of that. can you manufacture a mole right here? Yes, a very ugly mole. Right here, on the chin. […]
    3. Causing sorrow; lamentable.
      It's a sad fact that most rapes go unreported.
      • 1911, G. K. Chesterton, The Ballad of the White Horse:
        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.
      • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:
        The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.
    4. Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.
      That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.
    5. Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
      • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Compendiously of Sundry Other Common Tenents, Concerning Minerall and Terreous Bodies, Which Examined, Prove Either False or Dubious”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 2nd book, page 69:
        […] this is either uſed crude, and called ſulphur vive, and is of a ſadder colour; or after depuration, ſuch as we have in magdeleons or rols of a lighter yellow.
      • 1679, Izaak Walton, The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson:
        sad-coloured clothes
      • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], published 1708, →OCLC:
        Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially all sad colours.
  2. (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
  3. (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
  4. (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
  5. (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
    • 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:
      Mr. Santon laughed, and merely said,—"Oh, you cruel beauty!" returning to his paper again; but, seated in the bay-window was one, who could not thus lightly look upon the conduct of the coquettish Winnie, for it was evident she was a sad coquette.
    • 1860, Isaac Taylor, “Essay III. Modern Advancements and Lay Inventors.”, in Ultimate Civilization and Other Essays, London: Bell and Daldy […], →OCLC, section IX, page 227:
      In ſuch places, it would not be doubted, that a grim Daniel Scroggins, and an aproned Sam Smith, might be found—ſad tipſy fellows, both of them, to whoſe ingenuity this or that mechanical improvement had been due.
  6. (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.
    I can't believe you use drugs; you're so sad!
  7. (dialect) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
  8. (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.
    sad bread
Synonyms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
dialect: soggy — see soggy
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Further reading[edit]

Verb[edit]

sad (third-person singular simple present sads, present participle sadding, simple past and past participle sadded)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To make melancholy; to sadden or grieve (someone).
    • 16??, John Webster, Appius and Virginia
      My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / It sads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

sad (plural sads)

  1. Alternative form of saad (“Arabic letter”)

Anagrams[edit]

Cebuano[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Hyphenation: sad

Adverb[edit]

sad

  1. (focus) also; too
  2. (after a negative) either

Czech[edit]

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old Czech sad, from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Noun[edit]

sad m inan

  1. orchard
Declension[edit]
Declension of sad (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative sad sady
genitive sadu sadů
dative sadu sadům
accusative sad sady
vocative sade sady
locative sadu, sadě sadech
instrumental sadem sady
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun[edit]

sad

  1. genitive plural of sada

Further reading[edit]

  • sad in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • sad in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • sad in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish[edit]

Verb[edit]

sad

  1. past of sidde

Gothic[edit]

Romanization[edit]

sad

  1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌳

Livonian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *sato.

Noun[edit]

sad

  1. precipitation (hail, rain, snow)

Lower Sorbian[edit]

sad

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian сад (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ, “plant, garden”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sad m inan

  1. fruit (food)

Declension[edit]

Declension of sad
singular (uncountable)
Nominative sad
Genitive sada
Dative sadoju
Accusative sad
Instrumental sadom
Locative saźe

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old English sæd, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sad (plural and weak singular sadde, comparative saddere, superlative saddest)

  1. sated, weary (having had enough) [from 9th c.]
  2. firm, solid, hard: [from 14th c.]
    1. steady, enduring
    2. intense, powerful, severe
    3. secure (inspiring trust)
    4. dense, thick, tightly-packed
  3. considered, thoughtful, serious [from 14th c.]
  4. sad (inspiring or having sorrow) [from 14th c.]
  5. authentic, true, genuine [from 15th c.]
  6. (of colors) dark, deep [from 15th c.]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • English: sad
  • Scots: sad

Adverb[edit]

sad (comparative saddere)

  1. firmly, solidly, steadily
  2. strongly, intensely
  3. seriously, consideredly
  4. sadly (in a sorrowful way)
Descendants[edit]
  • English: sad (dialectal)
  • Scots: sad

References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

sad

  1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of seed (“seed”)

Etymology 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

sad

  1. Alternative form of saden

Old Saxon[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Adjective[edit]

sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)

  1. full, sated, satiated
  2. weary

Declension[edit]

Positive forms of sad
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sad sade sad sade sad sadu
accusative sadana sade sad sade sada sadu
genitive sades sadarō sades sadarō sadaro sadarō
dative sadumu sadum sadumu sadum sadaro sadum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sado sadu sada sadu sada sadu
accusative sadun sadun sada sadun sadun sadun
genitive sadun sadonō sadun sadonō sadun sadonō
dative sadun sadum sadun sadum sadun sadum
Comparative forms of sad (weak only)
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sadoro sadoru sadora sadoru sadora sadoru
accusative sadorun sadorun sadora sadorun sadorun sadorun
genitive sadorun sadoronō sadorun sadoronō sadorun sadoronō
dative sadorun sadorum sadorun sadorum sadorun sadorum
Superlative forms of sad
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sadost sadoste sadost sadoste sadost sadostu
accusative sadostana sadoste sadost sadoste sadosta sadostu
genitive sadostes sadostarō sadostes sadostarō sadostaro sadostarō
dative sadostumu sadostum sadostumu sadostum sadostaro sadostum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sadosto sadostu sadosta sadostu sadosta sadostu
accusative sadostun sadostun sadosta sadostun sadostun sadostun
genitive sadostun sadostonō sadostun sadostonō sadostun sadostonō
dative sadostun sadostum sadostun sadostum sadostun sadostum


Descendants[edit]

  • Middle Low German sat

Polish[edit]

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
sad

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sad m inan (diminutive sadek, related adjective sadowy)

  1. (agriculture, horticulture) orchard (land for cultivation of fruit or nut trees)

Declension[edit]

Declension of sad
singular plural
nominative sad sady
genitive sadu sadów
dative sadowi sadom
accusative sad sady
instrumental sadem sadami
locative sadzie sadach
vocative sadzie sady

Derived terms[edit]

noun

Related terms[edit]

adjective
noun

Related terms[edit]

verb

Further reading[edit]

  • sad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ).

Noun[edit]

sad n (plural saduri)

  1. (dated) orchard

Declension[edit]

Declension of sad
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) sad sadul (niște) saduri sadurile
genitive/dative (unui) sad sadului (unor) saduri sadurilor
vocative sadule sadurilor

Scots[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old English sæd.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)

  1. grave, serious
  2. strange, remarkable
  3. sad

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sьda, *sьgoda.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adverb[edit]

sȁd (Cyrillic spelling са̏д)

  1. now
  2. currently
  3. presently

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ. Compare Russian сад (sad).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sȃd m (Cyrillic spelling са̑д)

  1. plant nursery, plantation, orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
  2. a seeding or sapling from a plant nursery
Declension[edit]
Declension of sad
singular plural
nominative sad sadovi
genitive sada sadova
dative sadu sadovima
accusative sada sadove
vocative sade sadovi
locative sadu sadovima
instrumental sadom sadovima

References[edit]

  • “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak[edit]

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sad m inan (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)

  1. garden, orchard, plantation

Declension[edit]

Declension of sad
singular plural
nominative sad sady
genitive sadu sadov
dative sadu sadom
accusative sad sady
locative sade sadoch
instrumental sadom sadmi

Derived terms[edit]

adjectives
nouns

Further reading[edit]

  • “sad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • ſad (Bohorič alphabet)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *sȃdъ (“plant, garden”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sādas.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

sȃd m inan

  1. (archaic or literary) fruit
    Synonyms: sadež, plod
  2. (literary) result, outcome
    Synonyms: rezultat, izraz, odraz, pridobitev, otrok, output, posledica, produkt, plod
  3. (obsolete) child, young direct offspring
    Synonyms: otrok, dete, froc, malček, otroček, otročič, otročiček, otrokec, pamž, pestovanček, pestovanec, spestovanec
    Antonyms: starš, roditelj, rodnik, starši
    Zdrava, Marija, milosti polna, Gospod je s Teboj, blagoslovljena si med ženami in blagoslovljen je sad Tvojega telesa Jezus. ― Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
  4. (literary, rare) consequence
    Synonyms: posledica, nasledek, nastopek, posledek, plod

Usage notes[edit]

Unlike plod, sad is used more when the edibility is stressed, rather than the seeds it contains.

Declension[edit]

The template Template:sl-decl-noun-table3 does not use the parameter(s): 
n=
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
nom. sing. sȃd
gen. sing. sadȗ
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik 		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi
genitive
rodȋlnik 		sadȗ sadóv sadóv
dative
dajȃlnik 		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvom, sȃdȏvam
accusative
tožȋlnik 		sȃd sadȏva sadȏve
locative
mẹ̑stnik 		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvih sadȏvih
instrumental
orọ̑dnik 		sȃdom sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) 		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi


The template Template:sl-decl-noun-table3 does not use the parameter(s): 
n=
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent
nom. sing. sȃd
gen. sing. sȃda
singular dual plural
nominative
imenovȃlnik 		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi
genitive
rodȋlnik 		sȃda sadóv sadóv
dative
dajȃlnik 		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvom, sȃdȏvam
accusative
tožȋlnik 		sȃd sadȏva sadȏve
locative
mẹ̑stnik 		sȃdu, sȃdi sadȏvih sadȏvih
instrumental
orọ̑dnik 		sȃdom sadȏvoma, sadȏvama sadȏvi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) 		sȃd sadȏva sadȏvi


Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • “sad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “sad”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Tat[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Persian صد (sad).

Numeral[edit]

sad

  1. hundred

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic صَاد (ṣād).

Noun[edit]

sad

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ص

Alternative forms[edit]

Wakhi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Compare Tajik сад (sad).

Numeral[edit]

sad

  1. hundred
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