戰慄

See also: 战栗

Chinese

		to fight; fight; war to fight; fight; war; battle	afraid; trembling
trad. (戰慄/戰栗)		戰	慄/栗
simp. (战栗)		战	栗
alternative forms		顫慄／颤栗

Etymology

From the Analects, Book 3 (《論語·八佾》):

哀公問社於宰我。宰我對曰：「夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗。曰：『使民戰栗。』」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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哀公问社于宰我。宰我对曰：「夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗。曰：『使民战栗。』」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Āi gōng wèn shè yú Zǎi wǒ. Zǎi wǒ duì yuē: “Xiàhòushì yǐ sōng, yīn rén yǐ bǎi, zhōu rén yǐ lì. Yuē: ‘Shǐ mín zhànlì.’” [Pinyin]

The duke Ai asked Zai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land. Zai Wo replied, "The Xia sovereign planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Zhou planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe."

栗 (lì, “chestnut”) and 慄／栗 (lì, “to tremble”) are homophonic.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhànlì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zin³ leot⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhànlì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhànlì
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴-li⁴
    • Yale: jàn-lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jannlih
    • Palladius: чжаньли (čžanʹli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ li⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 戰力／战力 戰慄／战栗 站立

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zin³ leot⁶
    • Yale: jin leuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzin³ loet⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jin³ lêd⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːn³³ lɵt̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyenH lit

Rime
Character	戰	慄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之膳切	力質切
Baxter	tsyenH	lit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇnH/	/liɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛnH/	/lit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjænH/	/ljet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cianH/	/lit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛnH/	/liĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛnH/	/lĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛnH/	/li̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zin3	lat6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjans  riɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戰
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyenH ›
Old Chinese	/*tar-s/
English	to fear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戰	慄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2019	7971
Phonetic component	單	栗
Rime group	元	質
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	戰	栗
Old Chinese	/*tjans/	/*riɡ/

Verb

戰慄

1. (literary) to tremble; to shudder (from fear or being cold)

Synonyms

• 交懍恂／交懔恂 (Hokkien)
• 呞呞顫／呞呞颤 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 哆嗦 (duōsuo)
• 圪觫 (geh⁵ sueh⁴) (Jin)
• 慄慄掣／栗栗掣 (Hokkien)
• 戰／战 (zhàn)
• 戰抖／战抖 (zhàndǒu)
• 打抖 (da³ deu³) (Gan)
• 抖 (dǒu)
• 抖動／抖动 (dǒudòng)
• 抖抖絲／抖抖丝 (Longyan Min)
• 掣 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 掉 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 搦搦掣 (Hokkien)
• 發抖／发抖 (fādǒu)
• 蟯蟯掣／蛲蛲掣 (Hokkien)
• 起掉 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 顫／颤
• 顫動／颤动 (chàndòng)
• 顫抖／颤抖 (chàndǒu)

 

Derived terms

• 戰戰慄慄／战战栗栗

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (戰慄):

• → Japanese: 戦慄(せんりつ) (senritsu)
• → Korean: 전율(戰慄) (jeonyul)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
戰	慄
せん Jinmeiyō	りつ Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

戰(せん)慄(りつ) • (senritsu) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 戦慄

Korean

Hanja in this term
戰	慄

Noun

戰慄 • (jeonyul) (hangeul 전율)

1. Hanja form^? of 전율 (“shudder”).