渾渾

Chinese

		muddy	muddy
trad. (渾渾)		渾	渾
simp. (浑浑)		浑	浑

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): húnhún

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: húnhún
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: húnhún
    • Wade–Giles: hun²-hun²
    • Yale: hwún-hwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenhwen
    • Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵ xu̯ən³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: hwon hwon

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸昆切
Baxter	hwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən/
Li Rong	/ɣuən/
Wang Li	/ɣuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[u]r  [ɡ]ˤ[u]r/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn  ɡuːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
No.	7321
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䰟
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːn/

Adjective

渾渾

1. (literary) ignorant
2. (literary) simple and honest

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): húnhún, hùnhùn

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄣˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: húnhún
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: húnhún
    • Wade–Giles: hun²-hun²
    • Yale: hwún-hwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenhwen
    • Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵ xu̯ən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hùnhùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hùnhùn
    • Wade–Giles: hun⁴-hun⁴
    • Yale: hwùn-hwùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennhuenn
    • Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ən⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: hwonX hwonX

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡本切
Baxter	hwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuənX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuonX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwənX/
Li Rong	/ɣuənX/
Wang Li	/ɣuənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤurʔ  [ɡ]ˤurʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ  ɡuːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwonX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
No.	7328
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	混
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/

Adjective

渾渾

1. (literary) large
2. (literary) numerous and disorderly

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾渾 – see 滾滾 (“rolling along; billowing; churning; etc.”). (This term is a variant form of 滾滾).

See also

• 混混 (hùnhun)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
渾	渾
こん Hyōgaiji	こん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾渾 – see the following entry.

【滾々こんこん】 [adnominal] (of fluids) copiously flowing; actively and continuously flowing [adnominal] (figurative, by extension) inexhaustible; continuous [adnominal] jumbled, thoroughly and irretrievably mixed; disordered; in a chaotic state [adnominal] tumbling, rolling Alternative spellings 滾滾, 渾々, 混々, 混混, コンコン

(This term, 渾渾, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)