究竟

Chinese

		after all; to investigate; to study carefully	unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed
trad. (究竟)		究	竟
simp. #(究竟)		究	竟

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiūjìng, jiùjìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡ ㄐㄧㄥˋ, ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau³ ging²

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiù-kèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giu³ gêng²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹cieu-cin; ⁵cieu-cin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiūjìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jioujìng
    • Wade–Giles: chiu¹-ching⁴
    • Yale: jyōu-jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jioujinq
    • Palladius: цзюцзин (czjuczin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiùjìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiòujìng
    • Wade–Giles: chiu⁴-ching⁴
    • Yale: jyòu-jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiowjinq
    • Palladius: цзюцзин (czjuczin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gau³ ging²
    • Yale: gau gíng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau³ ging²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo³ ging²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³³ kɪŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiù-kèng
    • Tâi-lô: kiù-kìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiuo'kexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiu¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giu³ gêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiù kéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu²¹³⁻⁵⁵ keŋ⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹cieu-cin; ⁵cieu-cin
    • MiniDict: cieu^平 cin; cieu^去 cin
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jieu-jin; ²jieu-jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɤ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/, /t͡ɕiɤ³³ t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kjuwH kjaengH

Rime
Character	究	竟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居祐切	居慶切
Baxter	kjuwH	kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuH/	/kˠiæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuH/	/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəuH/	/kiaŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwH/	/kiajŋH/
Li Rong	/kiuH/	/kiɐŋH/
Wang Li	/kĭəuH/	/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯uH/	/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau3	ging3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)u(ʔ)-s  [k]raŋʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kus  kraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	究	竟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiū	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuwH ›	‹ kjængH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)u(ʔ)-s/	/*[k]raŋʔ-s/
English	scrutinize; go to the end	end, in the end
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	究	竟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6942	6869
Phonetic component	九	竟
Rime group	幽	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	救	敬
Old Chinese	/*kus/	/*kraŋs/

Verb

究竟

1. (literary) to go to the bottom of (a matter); to probe to the bottom
2. (literary) to finish; to be completed
3. (literary) to look into; to ascertain; to inquire into

Noun

究竟

1. result; outcome; ending; the whole story
2. (Buddhism) niṣṭhā; ultimate end; culmination

Synonyms

• (the whole story):

• 事情經過／事情经过 (shìqíng jīngguò)
• 事由 (shìyóu)
• 原委 (yuánwěi)
• 委曲 (wěiqū)
• 始末 (shǐmò)
• 本末 (běnmò)
• 經過／经过 (jīngguò)

 

Derived terms

• 一探究竟
• 探個究竟／探个究竟
• 看個究竟／看个究竟
• 究竟說／究竟说

 

Adverb

究竟

1. after all; in the end; all in all
2. actually; exactly; are or are not

Synonyms

• (after all):

• 到底 (dàodǐ)
• 畢竟／毕竟 (bìjìng)

 

• (actually): 到底 (dàodǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (究竟):

• → Korean: 구경(究竟) (gugyeong)