膏鐧

Chinese

		ointment; paste	a metal plain bearing used in wheel axles
trad. (膏鐧)		膏	鐧
simp. (膏锏)		膏	锏

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàojiàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gàojiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàojiàn
    • Wade–Giles: kao⁴-chien⁴
    • Yale: gàu-jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gawjiann
    • Palladius: гаоцзянь (gaoczjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kawH kaenH

Rime
Character	膏	鐧
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	古到切	古晏切
Baxter	kawH	kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑuH/	/kˠanH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑuH/	/kᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑuH/	/kɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kawH/	/kaɨnH/
Li Rong	/kɑuH/	/kanH/
Wang Li	/kɑuH/	/kanH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑuH/	/kanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gào	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou3	gaan3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːws  kreːns|kraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膏
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo
Middle Chinese	‹ kawH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁaw-s/
English	smear with lard (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膏	鐧	鐧
Reading #	2/2	1/2	2/2
No.	3736	6230	6232
Phonetic component	高	閒	閒
Rime group	宵	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	誥	襇	諫
Old Chinese	/*kaːws/	/*kreːns/	/*kraːns/
Notes			集韻改襉韻

Verb

膏鐧

1. (Classical) to lubricate an axle