蒜

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蒜 U+849C, 蒜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-849C
← 蒛
[U+849B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蒝 →
[U+849D]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

蒜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一火火 (TMFF), four-corner 44991, composition ⿱艹祘)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1048, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31562
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1510, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3259, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+849C

Chinese[edit]

trad. 蒜
simp. # 蒜
2nd round simp. 祘
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (祘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蒜 *sloːns
祘 *sloːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːns) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns).

Etymology[edit]

Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory.

Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (“the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims).

Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • soàn - literary;
  • sǹg - vernacular.
Rime
Character 蒜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇貫切
Baxter swanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/suɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sʷɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/suɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/swanH/
Li
Rong 		/suɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/suɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/suɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		suàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		syun3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蒜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		suàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ swanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]ˁor-s/
English garlic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蒜
Reading # 1/1
No. 12133
Phonetic
component 		祘
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		筭
Old
Chinese 		/*sloːns/

Definitions[edit]

蒜

  1. garlic

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Lisu: ꓢꓪꓮꓠꓸ (swɑ́n)

Japanese[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji[edit]

蒜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
蒜
にんにく
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
大蒜
葫
忍辱

Origin uncertain. There are two leading theories.

⟨nipopi1⟩ + ⟨niku⟩ → */nipopi niku/ → */nipniku/ → /ninniku/
  • Deriving as a shift in meaning from Buddhist term 忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”). Apparently garlic was seen as stimulating, and as such it was a forbidden food and monks would have to forbear from eating it, possibly giving rise to use of the term as a euphemism.[2][1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

蒜(にんにく) or 蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku) 

  1. [date uncertain] garlic
Usage notes[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニンニク.

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
蒜
ひる
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
葫

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[5]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

蒜(ひる) • (hiru) 

  1. [from 712] allium
Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “ニンニク／大蒜／葫／にんにく”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
  2. ^ “ニンニク・大蒜”, in 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ “蒜・葫”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Kikai[edit]

Kanji[edit]

蒜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
蒜
Hyōgaiji
Alternative spelling
葫

Cognate with Japanese 蒜(ひる) (hiru).

Noun[edit]

蒜(ふぃる) (firu) 

  1. garlic

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

蒜 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

蒜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
蒜
Hyōgaiji
Alternative spelling
葫

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ひる.[1]

Noun[edit]

蒜(ひる) (hiru) 

  1. garlic

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/77

Yoron[edit]

Kanji[edit]

蒜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
蒜
Hyōgaiji
Alternative spelling
葫

Cognate with Japanese 蒜(ひる) (hiru).

Noun[edit]

蒜(ぴる) (piru) 

  1. garlic

References[edit]

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