訓令

Chinese

		example; pattern; to teach example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction	make or cause to be; order; command make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable
trad. (訓令)		訓	令
simp. (训令)		训	令

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xùnlìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fan³ ling⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hùn-lēng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xùnlìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syùnlìng
    • Wade–Giles: hsün⁴-ling⁴
    • Yale: syùn-lìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunnlinq
    • Palladius: сюньлин (sjunʹlin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fan³ ling⁶
    • Yale: fan lihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan³ ling⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen³ ling⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³³ lɪŋ²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-lēng
    • Tâi-lô: hùn-līng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huonleng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ liɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ liɪŋ³³/

Noun

訓令

1. order; instruction; official directive; written instructions from superiors

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (訓令):

• → Japanese: 訓令(くんれい) (kunrei)
• → Korean: 훈령(訓令) (hullyeong)
• → Vietnamese: huấn lệnh (訓令)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
訓	令
くん Grade: 4	れい Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くんれー [kùńréé] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̃ᵝnɾe̞ː]

Noun

訓(くん)令(れい) • (kunrei) 

1. (from a superior, to an inferior) instruction, order, command
2. (government) an order from a higher government office, such as the Cabinet or a ministry, to a lower government office, which interprets ordinances or policies, or directs and supervises its duties and exercise of authority
3. (military) an order with only an objective, leaving the choice of the method to the executor

Derived terms

• 訓令式(くんれいしき) (kunreishiki)

Verb

訓(くん)令(れい)する • (kunrei suru) transitive suru (stem 訓(くん)令(れい)し (kunrei shi), past 訓(くん)令(れい)した (kunrei shita))

1. (from a superior, to an inferior) to instruct, command
2. (government) to issue a command as mentioned above
3. (military) to issue a command as mentioned above

Conjugation

Conjugation of "訓令する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	訓令し	くんれいし	kunrei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	訓令し	くんれいし	kunrei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	訓令する	くんれいする	kunrei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	訓令する	くんれいする	kunrei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	訓令すれ	くんれいすれ	kunrei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	訓令せよ¹ 訓令しろ²	くんれいせよ¹ くんれいしろ²	kunrei seyo¹ kunrei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	訓令される	くんれいされる	kunrei sareru
Causative	訓令させる 訓令さす	くんれいさせる くんれいさす	kunrei saseru kunrei sasu
Potential	訓令できる	くんれいできる	kunrei dekiru
Volitional	訓令しよう	くんれいしよう	kunrei shiyō
Negative	訓令しない	くんれいしない	kunrei shinai
Negative continuative	訓令せず	くんれいせず	kunrei sezu
Formal	訓令します	くんれいします	kunrei shimasu
Perfective	訓令した	くんれいした	kunrei shita
Conjunctive	訓令して	くんれいして	kunrei shite
Hypothetical conditional	訓令すれば	くんれいすれば	kunrei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative