赤字

Chinese

		red; scarlet; bare red; scarlet; bare; naked	letter; symbol; character letter; symbol; character; word
simp. and trad. (赤字)		赤	字
Literally: “red character”.

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 赤字(あかじ) (akaji).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chìzì

  (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ ㄗˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cek³ zi⁶, cik³ zi⁶

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiah-lī / chhiah-jī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciah⁴ ri⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chìzì
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˋ ㄗˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chìhzìh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih⁴-tzŭ⁴
    • Yale: chr̀-dz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyhtzyh
    • Palladius: чицзы (čiczy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cek³ zi⁶, cik³ zi⁶
    • Yale: chek jih, chik jih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsek⁸ dzi⁶, tsik⁸ dzi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: cég³ ji⁶, qig³ ji⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛːk̚³ t͡siː²²/, /t͡sʰɪk̚³ t͡siː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiah-lī
    • Tâi-lô: tshiah-lī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiahli
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ li³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)⁵ li⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiah-jī
    • Tâi-lô: tshiah-jī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiahji
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ d͡zi²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ zi³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ciah⁴ ri⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiah jī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaʔ²⁻⁴ d͡zi¹¹/

Noun

赤字

1. (economics, government) deficit

Derived terms

• 財政赤字／财政赤字 (cáizhèng chìzì)
• 貿易赤字／贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
• 赤字財政／赤字财政
• 赤字預算／赤字预算
• 金融赤字
• 預算赤字／预算赤字 (yùsuàn chìzì)

 

See also

• 黑字 (hēizì, “surplus”)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
赤	字
あか Grade: 1	じ Grade: 1
yutōyomi

Etymology

From 赤(あか) (aka, “red”) + 字(じ) (ji, “characters”). The “deficit” sense, attested since the Taishō period, relates to the tradition of indicating negative sums in a ledger with red ink. Compare English in the red.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あかじ [àkájí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ka̠ʑi]

Noun

赤(あか)字(じ) • (akaji) 

1. (literal) characters written in red
   • 1892, “Erizabesu jidai bungaku ryūsei no gen'in [Causes of the rise of literature in the Elizabethan era]”, in Girishia Roma bungakushi, page 44:

     此(これ)聖(せい)書(しょ)赤(あか)字(じ)ヲ似(に)テ印(いん)行(こう)セリ故(ゆえ)ニ斯(し)ク言(い)フナリ

     Kore Seisho akaji o nite inkō seri yueni shiku ifunari

     In the Bible this print in red letters shows what He said

2. (business) red ink, deficit, in the red
3. corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “deficit”): 黒(くろ)字(じ) (kuroji)

Derived terms

• 赤(あか)字(じ)国(こく)債(さい) (akaji kokusai, “deficit-covering (government) bond​”)
• 赤(あか)字(じ)財(ざい)政(せい) (akaji zaisei, “deficit financing​”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
赤	字

Noun

赤字 • (jeokja) (hangeul 적자)

1. Hanja form^? of 적자 (“deficit”).