鈍

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See also: 钝
鈍 U+920D, 鈍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-920D
← 鈌
[U+920C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鈎 →
[U+920E]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

鈍 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金心山 (CPU), four-corner 85117, composition ⿰釒屯)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1298, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40219
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4175, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+920D

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鈍
simp. 钝

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 鈍
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“dull; blunt”). Compare Tibetan རྟུལ (rtul, “dull; blunt”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
    • tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
    • tūn - “stupid”.
  • Quanzhou:
    • tūn - literary;
    • tǔn - vernacular.
  • Taiwan:
    • tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
    • tùn/tūn - “stupid”.
Rime
Character 鈍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒困切
Baxter dwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duənH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duonH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dwənH/
Li
Rong 		/duənH/
Wang
Li 		/duənH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		deon6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鈍
Reading # 1/1
Phonetic
component 		屯
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		鈍
Old
Chinese 		/*duːns/

Definitions[edit]

鈍

  1. dull; blunt; not sharp
    Antonym: 尖 (jiān)
  2. dull-witted; dim-witted; slow-witted; stupid
  3. a surname
  4. (Northern Wu) to satirise; to mock; to disparage
    該閒話是來的屯渠啦，渠還聽勿出 [Ningbonese, trad.]
    该闲话是来的屯渠啦，渠还听勿出 [Ningbonese, simp.]
    From: 1996, Tang Zhenzhu, Wu Xinmin and Wu Xinxian, 寧波方言詞典, page 254
    7kiq 2ghae-wo6 6zy 6le-tiq7 6den-ji6 0la 6ji 2gha 1thin-vaq8-tshyuq7 [Wugniu]
    All this stuff that's said is supposed to be mocking him, and he doesn't even realise it!

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鈍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. dull, blunt (of edge)
  2. dull, stupid, slow, slow-witted (of senses)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
鈍
にび
Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 鈍ぶ (nibu, “to become dark gray”).[1] In modern Japanese, reanalyzed as a shortening of compound term 鈍色 (nibiiro, “dark gray”).[1][2]

First cited to the late 900s.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

鈍(にび) • (nibi) 

  1. short for 鈍色 (nibiiro): dark gray

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
鈍
なまくら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
鈍ら

The first portion nama is from 生 (nama). This usually has a sense of raw but also has overtones of unprocessed, unready and thus some semantic overlap with, and is cognate with, 鈍る (namaru, “to become dull, especially due to lack of proper tempering”).

The second portion kura is of uncertain derivation.

The term is first cited to 1711.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) -na (adnominal 鈍(なまくら)な (namakura na), adverbial 鈍(なまくら)に (namakura ni))

  1. (uncommon) dull of edge, unable to cut well
  2. (uncommon) dull of mind, lazy, insipid

Noun[edit]

鈍(なまくら) • (namakura) 

  1. a blunt blade
  2. a lazy person, a dullard
    Synonym: 怠け者 (namakemono)
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
鈍
Grade: S

Shift in usage, repurposing the stem of 形容詞 (keiyōshi, “-i adjective”) 鈍い (noroi, “slow of thought or action”) as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjective”).[3][4]

First cited to a work from 1891.[4]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

鈍(のろ) • (noro) -na (adnominal 鈍(のろ)な (noro na), adverbial 鈍(のろ)に (noro ni))

  1. [1891] mentally slow, dull-witted, stupid
  2. [1891] physically slow, slow of action
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 鈍
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 鈍だろ のろだろ noro daro
Continuative (連用形) 鈍で のろで noro de
Terminal (終止形) 鈍だ のろだ noro da
Attributive (連体形) 鈍な のろな noro na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 鈍なら のろなら noro nara
Imperative (命令形) 鈍であれ のろであれ noro de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 鈍ではない
鈍じゃない 		のろではない
のろじゃない 		noro de wa nai
noro ja nai
Informal past 鈍だった のろだった noro datta
Informal negative past 鈍ではなかった
鈍じゃなかった 		のろではなかった
のろじゃなかった 		noro de wa nakatta
noro ja nakatta
Formal 鈍です のろです noro desu
Formal negative 鈍ではありません
鈍じゃありません 		のろではありません
のろじゃありません 		noro de wa arimasen
noro ja arimasen
Formal past 鈍でした のろでした noro deshita
Formal negative past 鈍ではありませんでした
鈍じゃありませんでした 		のろではありませんでした
のろじゃありませんでした 		noro de wa arimasen deshita
noro ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 鈍で のろで noro de
Conditional 鈍なら（ば） のろなら（ば） noro nara (ba)
Provisional 鈍だったら のろだったら noro dattara
Volitional 鈍だろう のろだろう noro darō
Adverbial 鈍に のろに noro ni
Degree 鈍さ のろさ norosa

Noun[edit]

鈍(のろ) • (noro) 

  1. dullard, dimwit

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ “鈍”, in デジタル大辞泉‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 “鈍”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

鈍 (eumhun 무딜 둔 (mudil dun))

  1. Hanja form? of 둔 (“blunt, obtuse”).
  2. Hanja form? of 둔 (“dull”).
  3. Hanja form? of 둔 (“flat”).
  4. Hanja form? of 둔 (“dull-witted”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

鈍: Hán Nôm readings: độn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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