開皇

Chinese

		open; operate (vehicle); start	emperor; surname
trad. (開皇)		開	皇
simp. (开皇)		开	皇

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Kāihuáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ wong⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Kāihuáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Kaihuáng
    • Wade–Giles: Kʻai¹-huang²
    • Yale: Kāi-hwáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Kaihwang
    • Palladius: Кайхуан (Kajxuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi¹ wong⁴
    • Yale: hōi wòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ wong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ wong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: khoj hwang

Rime
Character	開	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	苦哀切	胡光切
Baxter	khoj	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kāi	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi1	wong4

Proper noun

開皇

1. era name of Emperor Wen of Sui (581—600)