그르다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 그르다〮 (Yale: kùlù-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kɯɾɯda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [그르다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	geureuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	geuleuda
McCune–Reischauer?	kŭrŭda
Yale Romanization?	kuluta

Adjective

그르다 • (geureuda) (infinitive 글러, sequential 그르니)

1. to be improper, to be wrong, to be incorrect (nowadays especially in a moral sense)

   Synonym: 그릇되다 (geureutdoeda)

   Antonym: 옳다 (olta)

   옳고 그름 ― olko geureum ― right and wrong

   대신은 어명이 그른 줄을 알면서도 충실히 따랐다.

   Daesin-eun eomyeong-i geureun jur-eul almyeonseodo chungsil-hi ttaratda.

   The grand minister, even while knowing that the royal command was wrong, followed it faithfully.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 그르다 (geureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	그르다 geureuda	글러 geulleo	글러요 geulleoyo	그릅니다 geureumnida
	Past	글렀다 geulleotda	글렀어 geulleosseo	글렀어요 geulleosseoyo	글렀습니다 geulleotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	그르냐 geureunya	글러 geulleo	글러요 geulleoyo	그릅니까 geureumnikka
	Past	글렀냐 geulleonnya	글렀어 geulleosseo	글렀어요 geulleosseoyo	글렀습니까 geulleotseumnikka
Assertive		그르겠다 geureugetda	그르겠어 geureugesseo	그르겠어요 geureugesseoyo	그르겠습니다 geureugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		글러 geulleo	글러서 geulleoseo	그르니 geureuni	그르니까 geureunikka
Contrast		그르지만 geureujiman	그른데 geureunde	그르더니 geureudeoni
Conjunction		그르고 geureugo
Condition		그르면 geureumyeon	글러야 geulleoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		그름 geureum	그르기 geureugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		글렀음 geulleosseum	글렀기 geulleotgi
Determiners	Present		그른 geureun
	Future		그를 geureul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	그르시다 geureusida	그르셔 geureusyeo	그르세요, 그르셔요 geureuseyo, geureusyeoyo	그르십니다 geureusimnida
	Past	그르셨다 geureusyeotda	그르셨어 geureusyeosseo	그르셨어요 geureusyeosseoyo	그르셨습니다 geureusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	그르시냐 geureusinya	그르셔 geureusyeo	그르세요, 그르셔요 geureuseyo, geureusyeoyo	그르십니까 geureusimnikka
	Past	그르셨냐 geureusyeonnya	그르셨어 geureusyeosseo	그르셨어요 geureusyeosseoyo	그르셨습니까 geureusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		그르시겠다 geureusigetda	그르시겠어 geureusigesseo	그르시겠어요 geureusigesseoyo	그르시겠습니다 geureusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		그르셔 geureusyeo	그르셔서 geureusyeoseo	그르시니 geureusini	그르시니까 geureusinikka
Contrast		그르시지만 geureusijiman	그르신데 geureusinde	그르시더니 geureusideoni
Conjunction		그르시고 geureusigo
Condition		그르시면 geureusimyeon	그르셔야 geureusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		그르심 geureusim	그르시기 geureusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		그르셨음 geureusyeosseum	그르셨기 geureusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		그르신 geureusin
	Future		그르실 geureusil

Verb

그르다 • (geureuda) (infinitive 글러, sequential 그르니)

1. (intransitive, chiefly in the past tense or infinitive) to become hopeless, to become done for, to become nasty and unsuitable

   Synonym: (dialectal) 파이다 (paida)

   나는 글러먹은 인간이다.

   Na-neun geulleomeogeun in'gan-ida.

   I am a person who is done for.

   시험 공부를 하나도 안 해서 오늘 잠자기는 글렀다.

   Siheom gongbu-reul hana-do an haeseo oneul jamjagi-neun geulleotda.

   Since I didn't study at all for the exams, there's no way I'll get any sleep tonight.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 그르다 (geureuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	그른다 geureunda	글러 geulleo	글러요 geulleoyo	그릅니다 geureumnida
	Past	글렀다 geulleotda	글렀어 geulleosseo	글렀어요 geulleosseoyo	글렀습니다 geulleotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	그르느냐 geureuneunya	글러 geulleo	글러요 geulleoyo	그릅니까 geureumnikka
	Past	글렀느냐 geulleonneunya	글렀어 geulleosseo	글렀어요 geulleosseoyo	글렀습니까 geulleotseumnikka
Hortative		그르자 geureuja	글러 geulleo	글러요 geulleoyo	그르십시다 geureusipsida
Imperative		글러라 geulleora	글러 geulleo	글러요 geulleoyo	그릅시오 geureupsio
Assertive		그르겠다 geureugetda	그르겠어 geureugesseo	그르겠어요 geureugesseoyo	그르겠습니다 geureugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		글러 geulleo	글러서 geulleoseo	그르니 geureuni	그르니까 geureunikka
Contrast		그르지만 geureujiman	그르는데 geureuneunde	그르더니 geureudeoni
Conjunction		그르고 geureugo
Condition		그르면 geureumyeon	글러야 geulleoya
Motive		그르려고 geureuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		그름 geureum	그르기 geureugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		글렀음 geulleosseum	글렀기 geulleotgi
Determiners	Past	그른 geureun
	Present	그르는 geureuneun
	Future	그를 geureul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	그르신다 geureusinda	그르셔 geureusyeo	그르세요, 그르셔요 geureuseyo, geureusyeoyo	그르십니다 geureusimnida
	Past	그르셨다 geureusyeotda	그르셨어 geureusyeosseo	그르셨어요 geureusyeosseoyo	그르셨습니다 geureusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	그르시느냐 geureusineunya	그르셔 geureusyeo	그르세요, 그르셔요 geureuseyo, geureusyeoyo	그르십니까 geureusimnikka
	Past	그르셨느냐 geureusyeonneunya	그르셨어 geureusyeosseo	그르셨어요 geureusyeosseoyo	그르셨습니까 geureusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		그르시라 geureusira	그르셔 geureusyeo	그르세요 geureuseyo	그르십시오 geureusipsio
Assertive		그르시겠다 geureusigetda	그르시겠어 geureusigesseo	그르시겠어요 geureusigesseoyo	그르시겠습니다 geureusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		그르셔 geureusyeo	그르셔서 geureusyeoseo	그르시니 geureusini	그르시니까 geureusinikka
Contrast		그르시지만 geureusijiman	그르시는데 geureusineunde	그르시더니 geureusideoni
Conjunction		그르시고 geureusigo
Condition		그르시면 geureusimyeon	그르셔야 geureusyeoya
Motive		그르시려고 geureusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		그르심 geureusim	그르시기 geureusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		그르셨음 geureusyeosseum	그르셨기 geureusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	그르신 geureusin
	Present	그르시는 geureusineun
	Future	그르실 geureusil

Related terms

• 그르치다 (geureuchida)
• 그릇 (geureut)
• 그릇되다 (geureutdoeda)
• 글러먹다 (geulleomeokda)