Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/ti

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

Noun

*ti

1. the energy or essence of life:
   1. life force, mystic energy, the spiritual or supernatural essence of something
   2. blood
   3. milk

Derived terms

• *tikara (“power, strength”)

Descendants

• Old Japanese: 霊 (ti, “life force”), 血 (“blood”), 乳 (“milk”)
  • Japanese: 霊 (chi, “life force”, archaic, obsolete), 血 (“blood”), 乳 (“milk”)
• Proto-Ryukyuan: *ti
  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 血 (chī)
    • Kunigami: 血 (chī /⁠tɕíː⁠/)
    • Northern Amami-Oshima: 血 (chī)
    • Okinawan: 血 (chī /⁠tɕîː⁠/)
    • Oki-No-Erabu: 血 (chī /⁠tɕíː⁠/)
    • Southern Amami-Oshima: 血 (chī /⁠tɕîː⁠/)
    • Toku-No-Shima: 血 (tsïï /⁠tsˀɨ́ː⁠/)
    • Yoron: 血 (chī /⁠tɕìː⁠/)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 血 (tsïï)
    • Yaeyama: 血 (tsïï /⁠tsɨ̂ː⁠/)
    • Yonaguni: 血 (chī /⁠tɕˀíː⁠/)

Etymology 2

Proto-Japonic numbers ^(edit)

←  1	←  10	1,000	10,000  →
Cardinal: *ti

Numeral

*ti

1. thousand

Derived terms

• *tintəri (“thousands of birds; plover”)

Descendants

• Old Japanese: 千 (ti)
  • Japanese: 千 (chi)