hạ tầng
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Vietnamese[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- (dated) hạ tằng
Etymology[edit]
下 (hạ, “lower; below”) + tầng (“level”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [haː˧˨ʔ təŋ˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [haː˨˩ʔ təŋ˦˩]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [haː˨˩˨ təŋ˨˩]
Noun[edit]
- Short for hạ tầng cơ sở (“infrastructure”).
- (uncommon) underlying foundation or basis
Verb[edit]
- (colloquial) Short for hạ tầng công tác (“to downgrade (as a form of disciplinary action)”).