jij

See also: їй

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ji, northern form of gi, from Old Dutch gī, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a northwest Germanic variant of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Doublet of gij.

Cognate with Low German ji, jie, English ye, West Frisian jimme, German ihr. See also gij, u.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛi̯/ (stressed), IPA^(key): /jə/ (unstressed)

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: jij
• Rhymes: -ɛi̯

Pronoun

jij

1. (second-person singular subjective personal pronoun) you

   Jij was er niet.

   You weren't there.

Usage notes

In informal language, often replaced by the unstressed form je, with the form jij used for emphasis or contrast.

In dat restaurant kun je heerlijk eten, ben je daar wel eens geweest? — Nee, jij?

There is great food to be had in that restaurant, have you ever been? — I haven't, have you?

Inflection

Dutch personal pronouns

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive	genitive5
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k1	mij	me	mijn	m'n1	mijne	me	mijner, mijns
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je	jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich	uwer, uws
3rd person masculine	hij	ie1	hem	'm1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	h'r1, 'r1, d'r1	haar	h'r1, 'r1, d'r1	hare	zich	harer, haars
3rd person neuter	het	't1	het	't1	zijn	z'n1	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze2	–	onze	ons	onzer, onzes
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je	–
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	zich	uwer, uws
3rd person	zij	ze	hen3, hun4	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).				5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural.

Related terms

• je
• jullie

Descendants

• Afrikaans: jy
• Berbice Creole Dutch: ju
• Jersey Dutch: jāi
• Negerhollands: joe, ju
• Petjo: jij

Verb

jij

1. inflection of jijen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French juge (“judge”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒiʒ/

Noun

jij

1. judge

Tarifit

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

jij m (Tifinagh spelling ⵊⵉⵊ, plural ijijen, diminutive tjitš)

1. stake
2. peg

Declension

Declension of jij

	Singular	Plural
Free state	jij	ijijen
Construct state	ujij	yejijen