tʾp̄k'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *tāpaka- (“heater or baking place or cooking place”), ultimately from *tap- (“to warm up, heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“be warm, be hot”). Alternatively, from the homonymous Proto-Iranian root *tap- (“flat”), from the fact that a flat stone could serve as a cooking place. The contamination of both is also possible.

Compare Baluchi تہافغ (thafaġ, “oven”), Sogdian [script needed] (tpʾkh /⁠tapāk⁠/, “fever”), Sanskrit तापक (tāpaka, “heating, inflaming, refining; causing pain; fever; cooking stove”).

Noun

tʾp̄k' • (tābag)

1. frying pan

Descendants

• Persian: تابه (tâbe), تاوه (tâve)
  • Tajik: тоба (toba), това (tova)
  • → Abaza: таба (taba)
  • → Adyghe: табэ (tabɛ)
  • → Azerbaijani: tava
  • → Bashkir: таба (taba)
  • → Dargwa: тава (tava)
  • → Georgian: ტაფა (ṭapa)
    • → Ossetian: тъапа (t’apa)
  • → Kabardian: табэ (tabɛ)
  • → Karachay-Balkar: таба (taba)
  • → Kazakh: таба (taba)
  • → Kumyk: тава (tawa)
  • Kurdish:

    → Northern Kurdish: tawe, tawan

  • → Kyrgyz: таба (taba)
  • → Ossetian: те́бӕ (tébæ), таба (taba), табай (tabaj), теби (tebi) (via a Turkic language)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: تاوه (tava), طاوه (tava), تابا (taba), طابا (taba)
    • Turkish: tava
    • → Albanian: tavë
    • → Bulgarian: тава (tava)
    • → Greek: νταβάς (ntavás), ταβάς (tavás)
    • → Macedonian: тава (tava)
    • → Middle Armenian: թաւայ (tʻaway)
      • Armenian: թավա (tʻava)
    • → Romanian: tavă
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: тава

      Latin script: tava

    • → Zazaki: tava
  • → Siberian Tatar: таба (taba)
  • → Svan: ტაფა̈ (ṭapä)
  • → Tatar: таба (taba)
  • → Turkmen: taba
  • → Udmurt: таба (taba)
  • → Uzbek: tova

Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian:

• → Arabic: طَابَق (ṭābaq), طَابِق (ṭābiq), طَابَاق (ṭābāq, “big brick”), طَابُوق (ṭābūq, “brick”)
• → Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܛܒܩܐ (ṭbqʾ /⁠ṭabqā⁠/)

  Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טפקא (ṭpqʾ /⁠ṭāpqā⁠/)

• → Old Armenian: տապակ (tapak)
  • → Armenian: տապակ (tapak)
  • →? Old Georgian: ტაპაკი (ṭaṗaḳi), ტაბაკი (ṭabaḳi), ტაფაკი (ṭapaḳi)
• → Common Turkic: *tābak
  • Oghuz:
    • → Azerbaijani: tabaq
    • → Ottoman Turkish: طباق (tabak)
      • Turkish: tabak
      • → Middle Armenian: թապախ (tʻapax), թապաղ (tʻapaġ), տապաղ (tapaġ)
        • Armenian: թաբախ (tʻabax)
    • → Salar: dovaq
    • → Turkmen: tābak
  • Karluk:
    • → Uyghur: [script needed] (tavaq)
    • → Uzbek: tovoq
  • Kipchak:
    • → Kazakh: табақ (tabaq)
    • → Kyrgyz: табак (tabak)
    • → Tatar: табак (tabaq)
    • → Bashkir: табаҡ (tabaq)

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “تابه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “tābag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 81
• Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1905) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume III (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 960
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 46
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 252
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “տապակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 372—373
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 2051, page 161a
• Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 244, 287
• Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 246
• Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 319
• Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 400
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
• Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 181