сум

See also: sum, сүм, сӯм, and сўм

Belarusian

Etymology 1

Ukrainian сум (sum, literally “sadness”). сума, сумно (sadly), Russian сумно (sumno, literally “doubtful”), Polish sum,sumny < East Slavic, compare Slovene sȗm, sȗmnja (suspicion), Serbo-Croatian сумња (literally “doubt”)

Noun

сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)

1. boredom, sadness, sorrow
   • 1924, Вячаслаў Вячаслававіч Адамовіч, Магіла Касінскага, часопіс «Грамадзкі голас».

     Сум не́йкі апанава́ў мяне́ і сьлёзы са́мі сабо́й каціліся з маіх вачэ́́й.

     Sum njéjki apanaváŭ mjanjé i sʹljózy sámi sabój kacilisja z maix vačé́j.

     Some kind of sadness filled me and tears rolled out of my eyes by themselves.

Declension

Declension of сум (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	сум sum
genitive	су́му súmu
dative	су́му súmu
accusative	сум sum
instrumental	су́мам súmam
locative	су́ме súmje

Synonyms

• туга

Etymology 2

Noun

сум • (sum)

1. genitive plural of сума (suma)

References

• “сум” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “сум”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 38

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *esmь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sum]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -um

Verb

сум • (sum) third-singular present, impf or pf

1. (intransitive) to be
2. (intransitive) to be wrong with

Usage notes

• The dependent form is specific to this verb only and is basically a second present form that is used in compound forms, such as the future, the да-construction, etc. It is analogous to the dependent present form of perfective verbs and its presence in the conjugation of "сум" is due to suppletion.

Conjugation

Conjugation of сум (imperfective, perfective)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	бидел	бил	adjectival partc.	—
feminine	бидела	била	adverbial partc.	бидејќи
neuter	бидело	било	verbal noun	—
plural	биделе	биле
	present	imperfect	dependent	imperative
1st singular	сум	бев	бидам	—
2nd singular	си	беше	бидеш	биди
3rd singular	е	беше	биде	—
1st plural	сме	бевме	бидеме	—
2nd plural	сте	бевте	бидете	бидете
3rd plural	се	беа	бидат	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум бил		present of сум + imperfect l-participle
pluperfect	—		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
future	ќе бидам		ќе + dependent
future in the past	ќе бев		ќе + imperfect
future reported	ќе сум бидел		ќе + imperfect l-participle
conditional	би бил		би + imperfect l-participle

Mongolian

Mongolian
ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu)
Cyrillic
сум (sum)

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”), compare Kalmyk сумн (sumn), Dongxiang sumu.

The sense 'district' arose during the Qing dynasty as a translation of Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”).

Pronunciation

• (Ulaanbaatar) IPA^(key): /sʊm/, [so̙m]

Noun

сум • (sum); (hidden-n declension)

1. arrow, projectile, bullet
2. sum (sometimes somon, sumon or sumu) (the second-level civil administrative unit in the Mongolian governance system)

Derived terms

• нум сум (num sum)
• нэг сумаар хоёр туулай буудах (neg sumaar xojor tuulaj buudax)

Descendants

• → Buryat: сомон (somon)
  • → Russian: сомо́н (somón)
    • → English: somon
• → English: sum
• → Mandarin: 蘇木／苏木 (sūmù)
  • → English: sumu
• → Tuvan: сумон (sumon)
  • → Russian: сумо́н (sumón)
    • → English: sumon

See also

• аймаг (ajmag), ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ (ayimag)
• баг (bag)
• нум (num)

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sum]

Noun

сум • (sum) f inan pl

1. genitive plural of сума́ (sumá)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sum]

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Related to су́мнів (súmniv, “doubt”). Compare Slovene súm (“suspicion”).

Noun

сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́му, uncountable)

1. sadness

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Uzbek so‘m

Noun

сум • (sum) m inan (genitive су́ма, nominative plural су́ми, genitive plural су́мів)

1. sum, som

Declension

Declension of сум (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	сум sum	су́ми súmy
genitive	су́ма súma	су́мів súmiv
dative	су́мові, су́му súmovi, súmu	су́мам súmam
accusative	сум sum	су́ми súmy
instrumental	су́мом súmom	су́мами súmamy
locative	су́мі súmi	су́мах súmax
vocative	су́ме súme	су́ми súmy

Derived terms

• сумни́й (sumnýj)
• сумува́ти impf (sumuváty)

 

Further reading

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “сум”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 473
• Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1907–1909), “сум”, in Словарь украинского языка [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Russian), Kyiv: Kievskaya starina
• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сум”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “сум”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)