Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *galdijaz (“barren, fruitless, castrated”) +‎ *-janą (“factitive suffix”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑl.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*galdijaną

1. to geld, castrate

Inflection

Conjugation of *galdijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*galdijō	*galdijaų	—	*galdijai	?
2nd singular	*galdīsi	*galdijais	*galdī	*galdijasai	*galdijaisau
3rd singular	*galdīþi	*galdijai	*galdijaþau	*galdijaþai	*galdijaiþau
1st dual	*galdijōs	*galdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*galdijaþiz	*galdijaiþiz	*galdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*galdijamaz	*galdijaim	—	*galdijanþai	*galdijainþau
2nd plural	*galdīþ	*galdijaiþ	*galdīþ	*galdijanþai	*galdijainþau
3rd plural	*galdijanþi	*galdijain	*galdijanþau	*galdijanþai	*galdijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*galdidǭ	*galdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*galdidēz	*galdidēdīz
3rd singular	*galdidē	*galdidēdī
1st dual	*galdidēdū	*galdidēdīw
2nd dual	*galdidēdudiz	*galdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*galdidēdum	*galdidēdīm
2nd plural	*galdidēdud	*galdidēdīd
3rd plural	*galdidēdun	*galdidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*galdijandz	*galdidaz

Related terms

• *gelþō

Descendants

• >? Proto-West Germanic: *galtijan
  • Old Saxon: *geltian
    • Middle Low German: gelten
  • Old Dutch: *gelten
    • Middle Dutch: *gelten
      • Dutch: gelten
  • Old High German: *gelzen
    • Middle High German: gelzen
      • German: gelzen
  (unclear why West Germanic descendants have a 't')
• Old Norse: gelda
  • Icelandic: gelda
  • Faroese: gelda
  • Danish: gilde
  • Swedish: gälda, gälla
  • → Middle English: gelden
    • English: geld
    • Scots: geld