Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḳ-r-ʔ

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare Tamahaq ăɣăr (“read, call”).

Verb

ḳaraʔ-

1. to call, to invite
2. to read, to recite, to invoke, to repeat
3. (likely) to piece together; to collect

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḳ-r-ʔ (paʕala)

verbal noun					*ḳirāʔat-
active participle					*ḳāriʔ-
passive participle					*ḳarīʔ-, *ḳarūʔ-
		singular				dual				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	*ḳaraʔku	*ḳaraʔka	*ḳaraʔa		*ḳaraʔkayā	*ḳaraʔkā	*ḳaraʔā		*ḳaraʔna	*ḳaraʔkanu	*ḳaraʔū
	f		*ḳaraʔki	*ḳaraʔat				*ḳaraʔatā			*ḳaraʔkina	*ḳaraʔā
imperfect	m	*ʔaḳraʔ	*taḳraʔ	*yiḳraʔ		*taḳraʔā	*yaḳraʔā	*niḳraʔ		*taḳraʔū	*yiḳraʔū
	f		*taḳraʔī	*taḳraʔ			*taḳraʔā			*taḳraʔā	*yiḳraʔā
imperative	m		*ḳaraʔ			*ḳaraʔā				*ḳaraʔū
	f		*ḳaraʔī							*ḳaraʔā

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒂵𒊏𒌝 (qarā'um), 𒆠𒊒𒌝 (qerûm)
  • Eblaite: 𒂵𒆷𒌝, 𒂵𒊏𒌝 (ga-la-um, ga-ra-um /⁠qarā'um⁠/), 𒂵𒂗𒌝 (ga-ru₁₂-um /⁠qarûm⁠/)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: قَرَأَ (qaraʔa)
      • Algerian Arabic: قرا (qrā)
      • Egyptian Arabic: قرا (ʔara)
      • Gulf Arabic: قرا (gira)
      • Maltese: qara
      • Moroccan Arabic: قرا (qrā)
      • Tunisian Arabic: قرا (qrā)
      • South Levantine Arabic: قرا (ʔara)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: קְרָא (qərāʾ)
        • Classical Syriac: ܩܪܳܐ (qərāʾ)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: קָרָא (kará, qārāʾ)
        • Phoenician: 𐤒𐤓𐤀 (qrʾ)
          • Punic: 𐤒𐤓𐤀 (qrʾ)
            • → Kabyle: ɣer
      • Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎗𐎀 (qrả /⁠qaraʾa⁠/)