scholar; Confucian | to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw | ||
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trad. (儒生) | 儒 | 生 | |
simp. #(儒生) | 儒 | 生 |
Rime | |||
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Character | 儒 | 生 | 生 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 日 (38) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 庚 (109) | 庚 (109) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | II | II |
Fanqie | 人朱切 | 所庚切 | 所敬切 |
Baxter | nyu | sraeng | sraengH |
Reconstructions | |||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵɨo/ | /ʃˠæŋ/ | /ʃˠæŋH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/ȵio/ | /ʃᵚaŋ/ | /ʃᵚaŋH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑio/ | /ʃaŋ/ | /ʃaŋH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵuə̆/ | /ʂaɨjŋ/ | /ʂaɨjŋH/ |
Li Rong |
/ȵio/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ |
Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭu/ | /ʃɐŋ/ | /ʃɐŋH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi̯u/ | /ʂɐŋ/ | /ʂɐŋH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
rú | shēng | shèng |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
jyu4 | sang1 | sang3 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Character | 儒 | 生 | 生 | 生 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
rú | shēng | shēng | shēng |
Middle Chinese |
‹ nyu › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ sræng › | ‹ srjæng › |
Old Chinese |
/*no/ | /*sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or *s.reŋ ?) | /*sreŋ/ | /*sreŋ/ (or *s.reŋ ?) |
English | 侏儒 zhūrú "dwarf", scholar, Confucianism (not in original list) |
bear, be born; live | fresh, raw | bear, be born; live |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 儒 | 生 | 生 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
No. | 13969 | 11312 | 11322 |
Phonetic component |
需 | 生 | 生 |
Rime group |
侯 | 耕 | 耕 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 | 0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
儒 | 生 | 生 |
Old Chinese |
/*njo/ | /*sʰleːŋ/ | /*sreŋs/ |
儒生