凹凸

Chinese

FWOTD – 14 August 2014

		a depression; indentation; concave a depression; indentation; concave; hollow	(adj.) convex; stick out
simp. and trad. (凹凸)		凹	凸
anagram		凸凹

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): āotū, āotú

  (Zhuyin): ㄠ ㄊㄨ, ㄠ ㄊㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nap¹ dat⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹au-deq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: āotū
    • Zhuyin: ㄠ ㄊㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: aotu
    • Wade–Giles: ao¹-tʻu¹
    • Yale: āu-tū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: autu
    • Palladius: аоту (aotu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: āotú
    • Zhuyin: ㄠ ㄊㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: aotú
    • Wade–Giles: ao¹-tʻu²
    • Yale: āu-tú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: autwu
    • Palladius: аоту (aotu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵ tʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nap¹ dat⁶
    • Yale: nāp daht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nap⁷ dat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: neb¹ ded⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐp̚⁵ tɐt̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹au-deq
    • MiniDict: au^平 deh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹au-deq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɔ⁵⁵ dəʔ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'eap dwot|det

Rime
Character	凹	凸	凸
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	咸 (152)	魂 (56)	先 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	I	IV
Fanqie	烏洽切	陀骨切	徒結切
Baxter	'eap	dwot	det
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛp̚/	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæp̚/	/duot̚/	/det̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐp̚/	/duət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨp̚/	/dwət̚/	/dɛt̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɐp̚/	/duət̚/	/det̚/
Wang Li	/ɐp̚/	/duət̚/	/diet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔăp̚/	/dʱuət̚/	/dʱiet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ya	dú	dié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aap3	deot6	dit6

Adjective

凹凸

1. uneven; bumpy; rugged

   • 不是我無食力身軀閃這一滑，多管是少人行山路凹凸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     不是我无食力身躯闪这一滑，多管是少人行山路凹凸。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 14th century, Poetry by Qin Jianfu

     Bùshì wǒ wú shílì shēnqū shǎn zhè yī huá, duōguǎn shì shǎo rén xíng shānlù āotū. [Pinyin]

     The reason I slipped is not because my starving body was feeble; it was due to the roughness of the mountain road since not many people had walked on this.

2. (optics, mathematics) concavo-convex

   論文是有關實解析函數在極值點附近的凹凸性的。 [MSC, trad.]
   论文是有关实解析函数在极值点附近的凹凸性的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Lùnwén shì yǒuguān shíjiěxīhánshù zài jízhídiǎn fùjìn de āotūxìng de. [Pinyin]

   The journal article was about concavo-convexity of real analytic functions near extremities.

Derived terms

• 凹凸不平 (āotūbùpíng)
• 凹凹凸凸 (āo'āotūtū)
• 凹凸印
• 凹凸有致 (āotūyǒuzhì)
• 凹凸花
• 凹凸軋花／凹凸轧花 (āotū yàhuā)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (凹凸):

• → Japanese: 凹凸(おうとつ) (ōtotsu)
• → Korean: 요철(凹凸) (yocheol)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
凹	凸
おう Grade: S	とつ Grade: S
kan’on

Etymology

/aputotu/ → /aɸutotu/ → */awutot͡su/ → /autot͡su/ → /ɔːtot͡su/ → /oːtot͡su/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 凹凸 (MC 'eap dwot). Appears in texts from at least the 1600s.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) おーとつ [òótótsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [o̞ːto̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

凹(おう)凸(とつ) • (ōtotsu) ^{←あふとつ (afutotu)?}

1. that which has a non-flat surface; uneven, bumpy

   路面(ろめん)凹凸(おうとつ)あり

   Romen ōtotsu ari

   Caution: rough road ahead

Anagrams

• 凸凹(でこぼこ) (dekoboko)