嚮

See also: 向

嚮 U+56AE, 嚮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56AE ← 嚭 [U+56AD] CJK Unified Ideographs 嚯 → [U+56AF]

Translingual

Han character

嚮 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 女中竹月口 (VLHBR), four-corner 2722₇, composition ⿱鄉向)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 213, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4565
• Dae Jaweon: page 436, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 698, character 8
• Unihan data for U+56AE

Chinese

trad.		嚮
simp.		向*
alternative forms		向 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鄉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
曏	*qʰjaŋʔ, *qʰjaŋs, *qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
鄉	*qʰaŋ
薌	*qʰaŋ
膷	*qʰaŋ
響	*qʰaŋʔ
饗	*qʰaŋʔ
蠁	*qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
嚮	*qʰaŋʔ, *qʰaŋs
卿	*kʰraŋ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàng (xiang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàng
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang⁴
    • Yale: syàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianq
    • Palladius: сян (sjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoeng³
    • Yale: heung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjangH

Rime
Character	嚮
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許亮切
Baxter	xjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/xiaŋH/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰaŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嚮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ xjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋ-s/
English	to face, approach
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚮
Reading #	2/2
No.	13606
Phonetic component	鄉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	向
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋs/
Notes	鄉轉註分化字

Definitions

嚮

1. to turn toward; to approach

   • 故學者以聖王為師，案以聖王之制為法，法其法以求其統類，以務象效其人。嚮是而務，士也；類是而幾，君子也；知之，聖人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     故学者以圣王为师，案以圣王之制为法，法其法以求其统类，以务象效其人。向是而务，士也；类是而几，君子也；知之，圣人也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Gù xuézhě yǐ shèngwáng wèi shī, àn yǐ shèngwáng zhī zhì wèi fǎ, fǎ qí fǎ yǐ qiú qí tǒnglèi, yǐ wù xiàng xiào qí rén. Xiàng shì ér wù, shì yě; lèi shì ér jǐ, jūnzǐ yě; zhī zhī, shèngrén yě. [Pinyin]

     Therefore, a person who studies takes the sage kings to be his teachers, relies on the sage kings' institutions to make laws, carries out his laws by seeking out their precepts, and endeavors to imitate and conform to their conduct as people. The shì is the one who turns towards them and endeavors to be like them; the jūnzǐ is the one who is akin to them and approximates them; and the sage is he who understands them.

2. toward; facing; against
3. direction, side, face
4. to look out on
5. in the past; previously

   • 嚮子之言穆如清風，不悖我語，和暢我心。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     向子之言穆如清风，不悖我语，和畅我心。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han shi waizhuan, 1^nd century BCE

     Xiàng zǐ zhī yán mù rú qīngfēng, bù bèi wǒ yǔ, héchàng wǒ xīn. [Pinyin]

     Previously, your words were harmonious like the clear wind. You did not go against what I had said, and you soothed my heart.

Compounds

• 不可嚮邇／不可向迩
• 企嚮／企向
• 信嚮／信向
• 傾嚮／倾向
• 內嚮／内向
• 前嚮／前向
• 北嚮／北向
• 北嚮戶／北向户
• 嘉嚮／嘉向
• 嚮令／向令
• 嚮仰／向仰
• 嚮使／向使 (xiàngshǐ)
• 嚮來／向来
• 嚮化／向化
• 嚮嘴／向嘴
• 嚮國／向国
• 嚮壁虛造／向壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào)
• 嚮壯／向壮
• 嚮學／向学
• 嚮導／向导 (xiàngdǎo)
• 嚮導犬／向导犬
• 嚮導處／向导处
• 嚮往／向往 (xiàngwǎng)
• 嚮意／向意
• 嚮慕／向慕 (xiàngmù)
• 嚮應／向应
• 嚮房／向房
• 嚮搨／向拓
• 嚮方／向方
• 嚮日／向日
• 嚮明／向明
• 嚮時／向时
• 嚮晨／向晨
• 嚮晚／向晚
• 嚮晦／向晦
• 嚮暮／向暮
• 嚮服／向服
• 嚮望／向望
• 嚮注
• 嚮用／向用
• 嚮矚／向瞩
• 嚮者／向者
• 嚮背／向背
• 嚮蘄／向蕲
• 嚮言／向言
• 嚮赴／向赴
• 嚮道／向道
• 嚮邇／向迩
• 嚮附／向附
• 嚮順／向顺
• 嚮風／向风
• 嚮馬賊／向马贼
• 四嚮／四向
• 女生外嚮／女生外向
• 心嚮往之／心向往之
• 志嚮／志向
• 意嚮／意向
• 慕嚮／慕向
• 斐然嚮風／斐然向风
• 方嚮／方向
• 景嚮／景向
• 朦頭轉嚮／朦头转向
• 東嚮／东向
• 歸嚮／归向
• 無嚮／无向
• 牖嚮／牖向
• 獨嚮／独向
• 環嚮／环向
• 皈嚮／皈向
• 相嚮／相向
• 祈嚮／祈向
• 福嚮／福向
• 肸嚮／肸向
• 裏嚮／里向
• 西嚮／西向
• 趣嚮／趣向
• 趨嚮／趋向
• 跂嚮／跂向
• 附嚮／附向
• 靡然嚮風／靡然向风
• 頹嚮／颓向

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiǎng (xiang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siǎng
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang³
    • Yale: syǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheang
    • Palladius: сян (sjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoeng²
    • Yale: héung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjangX

Rime
Character	嚮
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許兩切
Baxter	xjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/xiaŋX/
Wang Li	/xĭaŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嚮
Reading #	1/2
No.	13602
Phonetic component	鄉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	響
Old Chinese	/*qʰaŋʔ/

Definitions

嚮

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 享
2. (obsolete) Alternative form of 響／响

Japanese

Kanji

嚮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. guide, lead
2. favor, prefer

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kun: むかう (mukau, 嚮かう)^{←むかふ (mukafu, 嚮かふ, historical)}; さきに (sakini)

Korean

Hanja

嚮 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

嚮: Hán Nôm readings: hướng, hưởng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.