國門

Chinese

		country; state; nation	opening; door; gate opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; (taxonomy) phylum or division
trad. (國門)		國	門
simp. (国门)		国	门

國門 (1)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guómén

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwok³ mun⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kok-mn̂g

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guómén
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guómén
    • Wade–Giles: kuo²-mên²
    • Yale: gwó-mén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwomen
    • Palladius: гомэнь (gomɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵ mən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwok³ mun⁴
    • Yale: gwok mùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwok⁸ mun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: guog³ mun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːk̚³ muːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-mn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: kok-mn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kokmngg
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mŋ̍¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mŋ̍²³/

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• Middle Chinese: kwok mwon

Rime
Character	國	門
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	德 (132)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古或切	莫奔切
Baxter	kwok	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwək̚/	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷək̚/	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/kuək̚/	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwək̚/	/mwən/
Li Rong	/kuək̚/	/muən/
Wang Li	/kuək̚/	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwək̚/	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak1	mun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʷˤək  mˤə[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːɡ  mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	國	門
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ kwok ›	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/	/*mˁə[r]/
English	state (n.)	gate, door
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	國	門
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5547	8960
Phonetic component	或	門
Rime group	職	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	國	門
Old Chinese	/*kʷɯːɡ/	/*mɯːn/

Noun

國門

1. (literal, figurative) entry into a country via its border

   禦敵於國門之外／御敌于国门之外  ―  yùdí yú guómén zhī wài  ―  to keep the enemy out of the country border

2. (Classical) gate of a capital

Synonyms

• (entry into a country via its border): 國境／国境 (guójìng)

Proper noun

國門

1. (～社區) Guomen (a residential community in Mengmao, Ruili, Dehong prefecture, Yunnan, China, actually governed by Jiegao Border Trade Zone)