夙興夜寐

See also: 夙兴夜寐

Chinese

		morning	interest; flourish; it is the fashion to interest; flourish; it is the fashion to; to become popular	night	sleep soundly
trad. (夙興夜寐)		夙	興	夜	寐
simp. (夙兴夜寐)		夙	兴	夜	寐

Etymology

From the Classic of Poetry, poem 58 (《詩經·衞風·氓》):

三歲為婦，靡室勞矣。
夙興夜寐，靡有朝矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]

---

三岁为妇，靡室劳矣。
夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Sān suì wéi fù, mǐ shì láo yǐ.
Sù xīng yè mèi, mǐ yǒu zhāo yǐ. [Pinyin]

For three years I was your wife, And thought nothing of my toil in your house.
I rose early and went to sleep late, Not intermitting my labours for a morning.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sùxīngyèmèi

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): suk¹ hing¹ je⁶ mei⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sùxīngyèmèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sùsingyèmèi
    • Wade–Giles: su⁴-hsing¹-yeh⁴-mei⁴
    • Yale: sù-syīng-yè-mèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suhshingyehmey
    • Palladius: сусинъемэй (susinʺjemɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹ ɕiŋ⁵⁵ jɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: suk¹ hing¹ je⁶ mei⁶
    • Yale: sūk hīng yeh meih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: suk⁷ hing¹ je⁶ mei⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sug¹ hing¹ yé⁶ méi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊk̚⁵ hɪŋ⁵⁵ jɛː²² mei̯²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjuwk xing yaeH mjijH

Rime
Character	夙	興	夜	寐
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	曉 (32)	以 (36)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	蒸 (133)	麻 (100)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	III
Fanqie	息逐切	虚陵切	羊謝切	彌二切
Baxter	sjuwk	xing	yaeH	mjijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨuk̚/	/hɨŋ/	/jiaH/	/miɪH/
Pan Wuyun	/siuk̚/	/hɨŋ/	/jiaH/	/miH/
Shao Rongfen	/siuk̚/	/xieŋ/	/iaH/	/mjɪH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/suwk̚/	/hiŋ/	/jiaH/	/miH/
Li Rong	/siuk̚/	/xiəŋ/	/iaH/	/miH/
Wang Li	/sĭuk̚/	/xĭəŋ/	/jĭaH/	/miH/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯uk̚/	/xi̯əŋ/	/i̯aH/	/miH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	su	xīng	yè	mì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk1	hing1	je6	mei6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]uk  qʰ(r)əŋ  [ɢ]Ak-s  mi[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*suɡ  qʰɯŋ  laːɡs  mids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	夙	興	夜	寐
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sù	xīng	yè	mèi
Middle Chinese	‹ sjuwk ›	‹ xing ›	‹ yæH ›	‹ mjijH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]uk/	/*qʰ(r)əŋ/	/*[ɢ]Ak-s/	/*mi[t]-s/
English	early morning	lift, rise	night	sleep
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夙	興	夜	寐
Reading #	1/1	1/2	1/1	1/1
No.	12098	13858	14992	12910
Phonetic component	夙	興	亦	未
Rime group	覺	蒸	暮	至
Rime subdivision	1	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	肅	興	夜	寐
Old Chinese	/*suɡ/	/*qʰɯŋ/	/*laːɡs/	/*mids/

Idiom

夙興夜寐

1. to work hard night and day; to burn the candle at both ends

   • […]沒有夙興夜寐的程序員，中國互聯網產業無法實現「彎道超車」，成就一個又一個估值過億的企業；[…] [MSC, trad.]
     […]没有夙兴夜寐的程序员，中国互联网产业无法实现「弯道超车」，成就一个又一个估值过亿的企业；[…] [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2019 April 29, 仲青平 (Zhong Qingping), 《向所有奋斗中的劳动者致敬》, in China Youth Daily, page 1

     […] méiyǒu sùxìngyèmèi de chéngxùyuán, zhōngguó hùliánwǎng chǎnyè wúfǎ shíxiàn “wāndào chāochē”, chéngjiù yīge yòu yīge gūzhí guò yì de qǐyè; […] [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)